KEGG ENZYME: 1.14.16.2

ENZYME: 1.14.16.2

Entry

EC 1.14.16.2                Enzyme

Name

tyrosine 3-monooxygenase;
L-tyrosine hydroxylase;
tyrosine 3-hydroxylase;
tyrosine hydroxylase

Class

Oxidoreductases;
Acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen;
With reduced pteridine as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen into the other donor

Sysname

L-tyrosine,tetrahydropteridine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)

Reaction(IUBMB)

L-tyrosine + a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine + O2 = L-dopa + a 4a-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine [RN:R12541]

Reaction(KEGG)

R12541;
(other) R01815 R07212

Substrate

L-tyrosine [CPD:C00082];
5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine [CPD:C05650];
O2 [CPD:C00007]

Product

L-dopa [CPD:C00355];
4a-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine [CPD:C22239]

Comment

The active centre contains mononuclear iron(II). The enzyme is activated by phosphorylation, catalysed by EC 2.7.11.27, [acetyl-CoA carboxylase] kinase. The 4a-hydroxytetrahydropteridine formed can dehydrate to 6,7-dihydropteridine, both spontaneously and by the action of EC 4.2.1.96, 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin dehydratase. The 6,7-dihydropteridine must be enzymically reduced back to tetrahydropteridine, by EC 1.5.1.34, 6,7-dihydropteridine reductase, before it slowly rearranges into the more stable but inactive compound 7,8-dihydropteridine.

History

EC 1.14.16.2 created 1972, modified 2003, modified 2019

Pathway

ec00350

Tyrosine metabolism

ec00790

Folate biosynthesis

ec00950

Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis

ec01100

Metabolic pathways

ec01110

Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites

Orthology

K00501

tyrosine 3-monooxygenase

Genes

HSA:

7054(TH)

PTR:	450955(TH)

PPS:	100967895(TH)

GGO:	101135345(TH)

PON:	100454349(TH)

NLE:	100591963(TH)

HMH:	116469148(TH)

MCC:	721137(TH)

MCF:	102134074(TH)

MTHB:

126935834

MNI:	105469782(TH)

CSAB:

103238895(TH)

CATY:

105577265(TH)

PANU:

100997633(TH)

TGE:	112606566(TH)

MLEU:

105545321(TH)

RRO:	104677105(TH)

RBB:	108539190(TH)

TFN:	117081144(TH)

PTEH:

111520620(TH)

CANG:

105503232(TH)

CJC:	100393454(TH)

SBQ:	101037795(TH)

CIMI:

108288724(TH)

CSYR:

103250431(TH)

MMUR:

105859820(TH)

LCAT:

123642916(TH)

PCOQ:

105816522(TH)

OGA:	100957987(TH)

MMU:

21823(Th)

MCAL:

110298803(Th)

MPAH:

110327669(Th)

RNO:

25085(Th)

MCOC:

116103251(Th)

ANU:	117721049(Th)

MUN:	110547270(Th)

MAUA:

101823328(Th)

PROB:

127228573(Th)

PLEU:

114694083(Th)

MORG:

121457807(Th)

MFOT:

126498125

AAMP:

119826306(Th)

NGI:	103738985(Th)

HGL:	101721615(Th)

CPOC:

100734150(Th)

CCAN:

109689795(Th)

DORD:

105989150(Th)

DSP:	122102061(Th)

NCAR:

124958984

MMMA:

107156899(Th)

TUP:	102482570(TH)

GVR:	103595280(TH)

CFA:	403444(TH)

CLUD:

112663223(TH)

VVP:	112924141(TH)

VLG:	121472267(TH)

NPO:	129503139(TH)

AML:	100483681(TH)

UMR:	103671121(TH)

UAH:	113243914(TH)

UAR:	123775491(TH)

ELK:

111149999

LLV:

125078776

MPUF:

101682802(TH)

MNP:	132016827(TH)

MLK:	131817620(TH)

NVS:	122914591(TH)

ORO:	101384343(TH)

EJU:	114220499(TH)

ZCA:	113914758(TH)

MLX:	118015655(TH)

NSU:	110576077(TH)

LWW:	102748225(TH)

FCA:	101090720(TH)

PYU:	121023849(TH)

PCOO:

112852062(TH)

PBG:	122484125(TH)

PVIV:

125146679(TH)

LRUF:

124527888

PTG:	102954972(TH)

PPAD:

109259420(TH)

PUC:

125911546

AJU:

106971078

HHV:	120226898(TH)

BTA:	280707(TH)

BOM:	102274970(TH)

BIU:	109554672(TH)

BBUB:

102395073(TH)

CHX:	102179849(TH)

OAS:	101120619(TH)

BTAX:

128068945(TH)

ODA:	120874169(TH)

CCAD:

122430977(TH)

MBEZ:

129548408(TH)

SSC:	110259705(TH)

CFR:	102508286(TH)

CBAI:

105070385(TH)

CDK:	105106406(TH)

VPC:	102544796(TH)

BACU:

103020745(TH)

BMUS:

118899690(TH)

LVE:	103086024(TH)

OOR:	101278256(TH)

DLE:	111184074(TH)

PCAD:

102996827(TH)

PSIU:

116757983(TH)

NASI:

112402332(TH)

ECB:	100146648(TH)

EAI:	106824091(TH)

MYD:	102756871(TH)

MMYO:

118659614(TH)

PKL:	118713980(TH)

EFUS:

103303267(TH)

MNA:	107539915(TH)

DRO:	112317145(TH)

SHON:

118988339(TH)

AJM:	119057534(TH)

PDIC:

114500037(TH)

PHAS:

123807340(TH)

MMF:	118628135(TH)

PPAM:

129068492(TH)

HAI:	109395916(TH)

RFQ:	117030018(TH)

PGIG:

120584600(TH)

PVP:	105299526(TH)

RAY:	107513264(TH)

MJV:	108402611(TH)

TOD:	119248786(TH)

SARA:

101541321(TH)

TMU:

101347132

ETF:	101642018(TH)

DNM:

101426308

MDO:

100021373

GAS:

123248657

AFZ:

127540567

PCW:	110197189(TH) 110205577

OAA:	100075982 103167613(TH)

GGA:	395592(TH) 771761(THL)

PCOC:

116226760 116242979(TH)

MGP:	723977(TH)

CJO:	107314555(TH) 107314887

TPAI:

128073251 128086190(TH)

LMUT:

125694615 125694861(TH)

NMEL:

110398023 110401820(TH)

APLA:

101794316 101794610(TH)

ACYG:

106035805 106042638(TH)

CATA:

118244591(TH) 118254192

AFUL:

116486466 116490070(TH)

TGU:	100217613 100219119(TH)

LSR:	110468651(TH) 110473828

SCAN:

103819711 103826755(TH)

PMOA:

120501694 120511421(TH)

OTC:	121332934 121341537(TH)

PRUF:

121360967(TH) 121363538

GFR:	102039412 102044418(TH)

FAB:	101810723 101811971(TH)

OMA:	130248316 130253803(TH)

PHI:	102108161 102111024(TH)

PMAJ:

107204189 107205413(TH)

CCAE:

111930777(TH) 111931331

CCW:	104687428(TH) 104696496

CBRC:

103618194 103624929(TH)

ETL:	114056146 114059836(TH)

ZAB:	102071696 102072945(TH)

ACHL:

103802298(TH) 103804380

SVG:	106853603 106859792(TH)

MMEA:

130577050(TH)

HRT:	120752315 120754090(TH)

FPG:	101912036 101915572(TH)

FCH:	102049050 102055136(TH)

CLV:	102087146 102092212(TH) 110357291

EGZ:	104124906(TH) 104135597

NNI:	104010421(TH) 104013376

PCRI:

104027349 104029163

PLET:

104617694 104620102(TH)

EHS:	104503518 104516694(TH)

PCAO:

104041893 104046435

ACUN:

113481167(TH) 113488615

TALA:

104364913 104367985(TH)

PADL:

103920696(TH) 103924526

AFOR:

103906503 103906716(TH)

ACHC:

115351801(TH) 115352761

HALD:

104322627 104325057(TH)

HLE:	104829564(TH) 104831043

AGEN:

126047017 126048030

GCL:	127017019 127018134

CCRI:

104158076 104163520(TH)

CSTI:

104553490 104556074(TH)

CMAC:

104484559

MUI:	104533898 104541462

BREG:

104639472(TH) 104642948

FGA:	104069185(TH) 104069913

GSTE:

104251003 104259575

LDI:	104348112(TH) 104352213

MNB:	103768523(TH)

OHA:	104330119(TH) 104338293

NNT:	104404096 104404956

SHAB:

115605549 115607482(TH)

DPUB:

104296572 104305808(TH)

PGUU:

104467547 104472140

ACAR:

104520875(TH) 104523802

CPEA:

104394305(TH) 104396082

AVIT:

104277176 104279701(TH)

CVF:	104288616 104292588(TH)

RTD:	128906640 128908897(TH)

CUCA:

104058958 104068902(TH)

TEO:	104379610(TH) 104383676

BRHI:

104488945 104501461(TH)

AAM:	106488264 106497044(TH)

AROW:

112972432(TH)

NPD:	112945235(TH) 112946611

TGT:	104570707(TH) 104575507

DNE:	112978953(TH)

SCAM:

104143749(TH) 104147401

ASN:	102378400(TH) 102381461

AMJ:	102563069 102565540(TH)

CPOO:

109315934 109321480(TH)

GGN:	109296410 109299169(TH)

PSS:	102444955(TH) 102446096

CMY:	102935321(TH) 102941678

CCAY:

125627430 125638880(TH)

DCC:	119856605 119857224(TH)

CPIC:

101937054(TH) 101942670

TST:	117870626 117877299(TH)

CABI:

116819344(TH) 116819879

MRV:	120370067 120404504(TH)

ACS:	100561541(th) 100562555

ASAO:

132770987(TH) 132775713

PVT:	110076553(TH) 110084772

SUND:

121922073(TH) 121930910

PBI:	103048677 103061496(TH)

PMUR:

107289468 107294041(TH)

CTIG:

120305852 120311347(TH)

TSR:	106542491 106546997(TH)

PGUT:

117655512 117665229(TH)

APRI:

131188891(TH) 131202575

PTEX:

113438075 113440206(TH)

NSS:	113412546(TH) 113430512

VKO:	123021236(TH) 123028824

PMUA:

114599115(TH) 114605512

PRAF:

128416303(TH) 128422499

ZVI:	118089163(TH) 118091167

HCG:	128327450 128340985(TH)

GJA:	107108457(TH) 107119992

STOW:

125425715(TH) 125435334

EMC:	129324543(TH) 129335831

XLA:	100037248(th.S) 108710245(th2.L) 108713461(th.L)

XTR:	100488900(th) 100495856(th2)

NPR:	108789610 108791996(TH)

RTEM:

120917287(TH) 120932127

BBUF:

120980402(TH) 120987072

BGAR:

122920671(TH) 122925950

MUO:	115468008(TH) 115477798

GSH:	117351959(TH) 117363672

DRE:	30384(th) 414844(th2)

SRX:	107707537 107725618(pah) 107740562 107744916

SANH:

107664872 107675254(th) 107688572 107695848

SGH:	107553859(th) 107572878 107587609 107590157

CCAR:

109068217 109068347 109077513

CAUA:

113043589 113062808 113067107 113075326

CGIB:

127946712 127956588 128013814

PTET:

122330744(th) 122342852(th2)

LROH:

127156953(th) 127163859(th2)

OMC:	131534261(th) 131538892(th2)

PPRM:

120473330(th) 120477034(th2)

RKG:	130072230(th2) 130086004(th)

MAMB:

125244962(th2) 125247737(th)

CIDE:

127507221 127511004

MASI:

127435640 127436747 127437842

TROS:

130548155(th2) 130551496(th)

TDW:	130414100(th) 130420954(th2)

MANU:

129432206(th2) 129434402(th)

IPU:	108274586(th) 108279869(th2)

IFU:	128618514(th) 128623226(th2)

PHYP:

113529896(th) 113532096

SMEO:

124391871(th) 124401251(th2)

TFD:	113651566(th2) 113660155(th)

TVC:	132856839(th) 132859379(th2)

AMEX:

103023599(th) 103026162

CMAO:

118811537(th) 118812607(th2)

EEE:	113584590 113589509(th)

CHAR:

105900747(th) 105902612(th2)

TRU:	101078018(th) 446095

TFS:	130519131(th2) 130536698(th)

TNG:	GSTEN00019792G001 GSTEN00023797G001

LCO:	104920475(th) 104926293

NCC:	104945813 104966229(th)

TBEN:

117485068(th2) 117491252(th)

CGOB:

115009621(th) 115028288

PGEO:

117439143(th2) 117447500(th)

GACU:

117545933(th) 117552492(th2)

EMAC:

134879228(th2) 134880572(th)

ELY:	117249390(th2) 117261762(th)

EFO:	125882935(th2) 125888114(th)

PLEP:

121949711(th) 121961151(th2)

SLUC:

116038785(th) 116060201(th2)

ECRA:

117938735(th2) 117948912(th)

ESP:	116673350 116693998

PFLV:

114550010 114560170(th)

GAT:	120809587(th) 120818263(th2)

PPUG:

119196712(th) 119210571(th2)

AFB:	129108195(th) 129112337(th2)

CLUM:

117726085(th2) 117732290(th)

PSWI:

130195323(th) 130200514(th2)

MSAM:

119894432(th) 119917964(th2)

SCHU:

122871197(th2) 122875321(th)

CUD:	121505421(th2) 121515137(th)

ALAT:

119024333(th) 119032200(th2)

MZE:	101468237(th) 101477829

ONL:	100702996 100708687(th)

OAU:	116325448(th2) 116328933(th)

OLA:	101168664(th2) 101171548(th)

OML:	112152448(th) 112159073(th2)

CSAI:

133423792(th2) 133444693(th)

XMA:	102222085 102222392(th)

XCO:	114150851(th) 114160620

XHE:	116729483(th) 116737013

PRET:

103459397 103466160(th)

PFOR:

103140260 103144430(th)

PLAI:

106959916(th) 106960764

PMEI:

106905257(th) 106925437

GAF:	122826240(th2) 122834999(th)

PPRL:

129351518(th2) 129367031(th)

CVG:	107085478 107089460(th)

CTUL:

119781003(th2) 119796768(th)

GMU:	124879160(th) 124882783(th2)

NFU:	107386767 107389022(th)

KMR:	108233218(th2) 108237537(th)

ALIM:

106515667(th) 106530261

NWH:	119415586(th)

AOCE:

111582533(th) 111586653

MCEP:

125000310(th2) 125014315(th)

CSEM:

103380366 103382582

POV:	109638922(th) 109640773

SSEN:

122766054(th2) 122775716(th)

HHIP:

117757137(th2) 117763623(th)

HSP:	118101559(th2) 118109722(th)

SMAU:

118293287(th2) 118315918(th)

LCF:	108875328 108897565(th2)

SDU:	111224521 111228409(th)

SLAL:

111661851(th) 111664688

XGL:	120793270(th) 120799032(th2)

HCQ:	109530099 109530311(th)

SSCV:

125970525 125992294

SBIA:

133493389(th2) 133501919(th)

PEE:	133397075(th2) 133402871(th)

PTAO:

133471847(th2) 133478228(th)

BPEC:

110161487 110165894(th)

MALB:

109967816 109967893(th)

BSPL:

114857385(th) 114861698(th2)

SJO:	128353460(th2) 128359117(th)

SASA:

106560700(th) 106576278 106609447

STRU:

115197203(th) 115198942

OTW:	112214922 112218383(th)

OMY:	110490795(th) 110500050(th2)

OGO:	124014251 124040720(th)

ONE:	115133706 115134621(th)

OKI:	109867772(th) 109896376

OKE:	118365892 118392479 118396296(th)

SALP:

111961998(th) 111982828

SNH:	120049945 120066029(th)

CCLU:

121532008(th) 121549008 121579002 123484263

ELS:	105026610(th) 105030168

SFM:	108931392 108942201(th)

PKI:	111846560 111859412(th)

AANG:

118215238 118227840(th) 118232061(th2)

LOC:	102688831(th)

PSPA:

121294872 121319106(th2) 121330128

ARUT:

117415781(th2) 117432410 117435126

PSEX:

120523309(th) 120534263(th2)

LCM:	102350473 102363425

CMK:	103179919(th2) 103186002(th)

RTP:	109914089(th) 109914147(th2)

CPLA:

122557926(th) 122559408(th2)

HOC:	132824162(th) 132825033(th2)

LERI:

129705837(th) 129706325(th2)

PMRN:

103091799

LRJ:

133350419

BFO:

118407893

BBEL:

109477347

CIN:	493867(th)

SCLV:

120331903

SPU:

581094

LPIC:

129282398

APLC:

110973102 110983460

AJC:

117104885

SKO:	100329060(TH)

DME:	Dmel_CG10118(ple)

DER:

6544948

DSE:

6611046

DSI:	Dsimw501_GD13115(Dsim_GD13115)

DYA:	Dyak_GE20472

DAN:

6493759

DSR:

110178770

DPO:

4811895

DPE:

6601668

DMN:

108153568

DWI:

6645135

DGR:

6558407

DMO:	Dmoj_GI12682

DAZ:

108614271

DNV:

108652194

DHE:

111600489

DVI:

6623552

CCAT:

101450123

BOD:

106624120

BDR:

105224770

RZE:	108379189 108380146

AOQ:

129240806

TDA:

119675648

MDE:

101896218

SCAC:

106094605

LCQ:

111683620

LSQ:

119614015

GFS:

119631501

ECOE:

129944428

CLON:

129613871

HIS:

119648026

AGA:

1276690

ACOZ:

120949126

AARA:

120908669

AMER:

121592380

ASTE:

118510885

AFUN:

125769985

AMOU:

128305230

AALI:

118467698

AAG:

23687518

AALB:

109413955

CQU:	CpipJ_CPIJ014156

CPII:

120412867

CNS:

116345444

BCOO:

119083661

AME:	408930(TyHyd)

ACER:

107999422

ALAB:

122716565

ADR:

102675778

AFLR:

100864635

BIM:

100750025

BBIF:

117213312

BVK:

117235037

BVAN:

117158685

BTER:

100646624

BAFF:

126914226

BPYO:

122568852

BPAS:

132904520

FVI:

122536943

CCAL:

108629537

OBB:

114876902

OLG:

117604993

MGEN:

117228419

NMEA:

116424395

CGIG:

122401921

SOC:

105194448

MPHA:

105838942

AEC:

105145056

ACEP:

105619344

PBAR:

105423652

VEM:

105567121

HST:

105182098

DQU:

106750925

CFO:

105248912

FEX:

115232865

LHU:

105678075

PGC:

109861504

OBO:

105279021

PCF:

106786223

PFUC:

122514164

VPS:

122634890

VCRB:

124430347

NVI:

100116056

CSOL:

105360534

TPRE:

106652462

LHT:

122502811

LBD:

127282433

MDL:

103574339

CGLO:

123266818

FAS:

105264303

DAM:

107047468

AGIF:

122856602

CINS:

118066671

VCAN:

122417100

CCIN:

107269432

DSM:

124405093

NPT:

124213463

NFB:

124176386

NLO:

107220784

NVG:

124299343

AROA:

105693613

TCA:	654918(Th)

DPA:

109541904

SOY:

115889862

AGRG:

126739176

ATD:

109599398

CSET:

123310691

AGB:

108910114

LDC:

111515317

NVL:

108569991

APLN:

108732435

PPYR:

116173388

OTU:

111418800

BMOR:

100270767(Th)

BMAN:

114244521

MSEX:

115441153

DPL:	KGM_206781

BANY:

112049720

MJU:

123880229

NIQ:

126780491

VCD:

124543014

MCIX:

123668407

PMAC:

106717258

PPOT:

106104489

PXU:

106126313

PRAP:

110997603

PBX:

123718579

PNAP:

125062417

ZCE:

119835458

CCRC:

123705173

LSIN:

126978466

HAW:

110377808

HZE:

124645257

TNL:

113493935

SLIU:

111360781

OFU:

114361187

PXY:	105380496(Th)

PGW:

126380728

CFEL:

113378427

CCRN:

123294710

API:

100167369

DNX:

107161975

AGS:

114123079

RMD:

113554456

ACOO:

126833176

DVT:

126908407

BTAB:

109044321

DCI:	103505706 103521760

CLEC:

106664402

HHAL:

106690021

NLU:

111049383

HVI:

124358686

MQU:	128994132 128994151

PHU:	Phum_PHUM501080

FOC:

113202097

TPAL:

117653756

ZNE:

110829545

CSEC:

111866340

SGRE:

126365745

BROR:

134534028

IEL:

124158941

FCD:

110862051

DPX:	DAPPUDRAFT_323742

DMK:

116920573

DPZ:

124338116

PVM:

113810884

PJA:

122264525

PCHN:

125045583

PMOO:

119584343

HAME:

121861638

PCLA:

123762215

CQD:

128693314

PTRU:

123520445

ESN:

126998376

HAZT:

108677274

EAF:

111708445

LSM:

121120410

TCF:

131877601

PPOI:

119091559

DSV:

119464389

RSAN:

119401301

RMP:	119165146 119184285

VDE:

111252586

VJA:

111263052

TUT:

107359687

DPTE:

113794892

DFR:

124493869

CSCU:

111638578

PTEP:

107442680 107453388

ABRU:

129963917 129965778

UDV:	129231642 129232636

SDM:	118183488 118190672

LPOL:

106462240

PMEO:

129601922

CEL:	CELE_B0432.5(cat-2)

CBR:	CBG_07026(Cbr-cat-2)

CRQ:	GCK72_007931

BMY:	BM_BM4930(Bma-cat-2)

LOA:	LOAG_02149

TSP:

Tsp_12013

HRO:	HELRODRAFT_66944

LGI:	LOTGIDRAFT_106041

PVUL:

126810984

PCAN:

112566735

BGT:

106070594

GAE:

121372643

HRF:

124125606

HRJ:

124259093

CRG:	105337798 117691858

CVN:	111100427 111100428

CANU:

128186197

OED:

125673915

MYI:

110459086

PMAX:

117327869

MCAF:

127724326

MMER:

123551673

RPHI:

132727655

DPOL:

127847910 127848568

OBI:

106871451

OSN:

115215438

LAK:	106153195 106158393

SMM:	Smp_007690

SHX:	MS3_00010321

OVI:	T265_08520

» show all

Reference

1 [PMID:6133218]

Authors

El Mestikawy S, Glowinski J, Hamon M.

Title

Tyrosine hydroxylase activation in depolarized dopaminergic terminals--involvement of Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation.

Journal

Nature 302:830-2 (1983)
DOI:10.1038/302830a0

Reference

2 [PMID:6033458]

Authors

Ikeda M, Levitt M, Udenfriend S.

Title

Phenylalanine as substrate and inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase.

Journal

Arch Biochem Biophys 120:420-7 (1967)
DOI:10.1016/0003-9861(67)90259-7

Reference

3 [PMID:14216443]

Authors

NAGATSU T, LEVITT M, UDENFRIEND S.

Title

TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE. THE INITIAL STEP IN NOREPINEPHRINE BIOSYNTHESIS.

Journal

J Biol Chem 239:2910-7 (1964)

Reference

4 [PMID:2872947]

Authors

Pigeon D, Drissi-Daoudi R, Gros F, Thibault J.

Title

[Copurification of tyrosine hydroxylase from rat pheochromocytoma by protein kinase]

Journal

C R Acad Sci III 302:435-8 (1986)

Reference

5 [PMID:9228951]

Authors

Goodwill KE, Sabatier C, Marks C, Raag R, Fitzpatrick PF, Stevens RC.

Title

Crystal structure of tyrosine hydroxylase at 2.3 A and its implications for inherited neurodegenerative diseases.

Journal

Nat Struct Biol 4:578-85 (1997)
DOI:10.1038/nsb0797-578

Sequence

[rno:25085]

Other DBs

ExplorEnz - The Enzyme Database:

1.14.16.2

IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature:

1.14.16.2

ExPASy - ENZYME nomenclature database:

1.14.16.2

BRENDA, the Enzyme Database:

1.14.16.2

CAS:

9036-22-0

LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system