ORTHOLOGY: K10775
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Entry
K10775 KO
Symbol
PAL
Name
phenylalanine ammonia-lyase [EC:
4.3.1.24
]
Pathway
map00360
Phenylalanine metabolism
map00940
Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis
map01100
Metabolic pathways
map01110
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Module
M00039
Monolignol biosynthesis, phenylalanine/tyrosine => monolignol
M00137
Flavanone biosynthesis, phenylalanine => naringenin
Reaction
R00697
L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (trans-cinnamate-forming)
Brite
KEGG Orthology (KO) [BR:
ko00001
]
09100 Metabolism
09105 Amino acid metabolism
00360 Phenylalanine metabolism
K10775 PAL; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
09110 Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
00940 Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis
K10775 PAL; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
Enzymes [BR:
ko01000
]
4. Lyases
4.3 Carbon-nitrogen lyases
4.3.1 Ammonia-lyases
4.3.1.24 phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
K10775 PAL; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
BRITE hierarchy
Other DBs
GO:
0045548
Genes
BTAB:
109033333
109040176
HRO:
HELRODRAFT_78004
HELRODRAFT_78007
MMER:
123546922
123547246
123547312
RPHI:
132719246
132739082
DPOL:
127844711
LAK:
106161379
106161381
106161385
106172274
106172288
DGT:
114527270
XEN:
124436761
124442698
ATH:
AT2G37040
(PAL1)
AT3G10340
(PAL4)
AT3G53260
(PAL2)
AT5G04230
(PAL3)
ALY:
9309209
9312266
9317554
9318728
CRB:
17885805
17889220
17892444
CSAT:
104711886
104745212
104761517
104781181
104782125
104785814
104791591
104792487
EUS:
EUTSA_v10010153mg
EUTSA_v10016314mg
EUTSA_v10020168mg
BRP:
103829920
103841251
103863433
103864245
103865574
103867229
103870475
BNA:
106352757
106371449
106371451
106382579
106388514
106389127
106391500
106398793
106452446
111197696
111207414
125575656
125585654
125609089
BOE:
106294585
106300639
106311920
106319945
106338875
106342153
106342166
RSZ:
108812387
108854852
108855076
108857697
108862526
THJ:
104805263
104806492
104816418
104823458
CPAP:
110807260
110811208
110824216
CIT:
102607860
102619342
102620173
102620464
CIC:
CICLE_v10011134mg
CICLE_v10011175mg
CICLE_v10027912mg
CICLE_v10027913mg
CICLE_v10030821mg
PVY:
116115347
116115436
116143896
116144389
116144452
116144459
116146747
MINC:
123192215
123193566
123201898
123206701
123206728
123209119
123224083
123224091
123225153
123228411
TCC:
18586419
18590901
18597973
GRA:
105761806
105761807
105768043
105773643
105776733
105786418
105799777
GHI:
107891138
107897711
107898808
107899351
107901087
107905303
107915817
107937172
107944640
107947805
107948312
121203612
121206206
GAB:
108453000
108453313
108459788
108467032
108470079
108472628
108473660
HSYR:
120115569
120129529
120129609
120129821
120144025
120156680
120173194
120176691
120180916
120201311
120201341
120213237
120214498
120214499
DZI:
111284826
111286787
111293967
111295400
111296231
111296683
111310322
111311841
EGR:
104421642
104421783
104438154
104454225
104454226
104454227
104454228
104454229
104454954
120289656
120290387
GMX:
100302735
(PAL2.1)
100787872
(PAL3.1)
100787902
(PAL1.3)
100788438
(PAL1.2)
100801470
(PAL2.4)
100803857
(PAL2.3)
100811101
(PAL1.1)
100818777
(PAL2.2)
GSJ:
114371207
114371946
114382723
114399496
114402244
114403853
114407085
114407086
PVU:
PHAVU_001G1777001
PHAVU_001G177800g
PHAVU_007G096100g
PHAVU_007G096300g
PHAVU_007G150500g
PHAVU_008G289500g
VRA:
106755252
106764951
106772062
106772504
106778742
VAR:
108322393
108322394
108324009
108324188
108324227
108326061
108337955
VUN:
114165156
114184506
114191008
114192381
114194438
VUM:
124820676
124820899
124830268
124830269
124830270
124830276
124835178
124835449
124847222
124847223
CCAJ:
109793961
109796589
109799986
109810584
109814359
APRC:
113855949
113860764
113872443
113872534
113872797
113874937
MTR:
11414166
11429351
11434138
120576914
25487825
25499316
25499317
TPRA:
123892914
123892915
123892916
123907091
123919623
123923332
CAM:
101493062
101496077
101507594
101509831
(PAL2)
PSAT:
127092228
127098546
127117466
127117704
127125804
127125805
127125806
127126312
127132696
127132697
VVO:
131598457
131610247
131610248
131610251
131610252
131610845
131610846
131610847
131610848
131615625
131643745
131644608
LJA:
Lj0g3v0121549.1
(Lj0g3v0121549.1)
Lj0g3v0350889.1
(Lj0g3v0350889.1)
Lj1g3v4590760.1
(Lj1g3v4590760.1)
Lj1g3v4590760.2
(Lj1g3v4590760.2)
Lj1g3v4590760.3
(Lj1g3v4590760.3)
Lj1g3v4590770.1
(Lj1g3v4590770.1)
Lj1g3v4590840.1
(Lj1g3v4590840.1)
Lj1g3v4590850.1
(Lj1g3v4590850.1)
Lj1g3v4590850.2
(Lj1g3v4590850.2)
Lj2g3v3339740.1
(Lj2g3v3339740.1)
Lj3g3v0602620.1
(Lj3g3v0602620.1)
Lj3g3v0602630.1
(Lj3g3v0602630.1)
Lj3g3v0602630.2
(Lj3g3v0602630.2)
Lj5g3v0659760.1
(Lj5g3v0659760.1)
Lj5g3v1811400.1
(Lj5g3v1811400.1)
ADU:
107461690
107467923
107476298
107493496
107496075
AIP:
107608851
107617800
107626489
107648626
AHF:
112696529
112706813
112712613
112725678
112728963
112759199
112760446
112765227
112765954
112772494
112779615
LANG:
109325320
109328047
109331561
109347601
109348378
109353417
109356621
PCIN:
129300521
129304348
129306018
129313365
129315623
129318588
QSA:
O6P43_002699
O6P43_002701
O6P43_005025
O6P43_006656
O6P43_008636
O6P43_010286
O6P43_022448
O6P43_022449
O6P43_022450
O6P43_022453
O6P43_022454
O6P43_022455
O6P43_022456
O6P43_023692
O6P43_028391
FVE:
101292546
101315259
RCN:
112179338
112182368
112191949
PPER:
18772065
18784865
PMUM:
103332355
103342143
PAVI:
110748671
110767468
PDUL:
117617858
117629967
MDM:
103419282
103430265
103440652
103450046
MSYL:
126593024
126617791
126619686
126628842
PXB:
103934948
103956742
103962533
ZJU:
107404213
107413687
107418573
107424108
MNT:
21384641
21407112
21407113
21407114
21407115
21409963
CSAV:
115706668
115709282
115709383
115709862
115710186
115710187
115711262
CSV:
101203846
(PAL)
101204574
101205510
101206890
101217907
101218144
101218156
101218382
101218617
101218856
101219091
101222092
116401606
CMO:
103491170
103491171
103491172
103491175
103491176
103491177
103492351
103494628
103494629
103494630
103496433
103501962
BHJ:
120071314
120072681
120072682
120072683
120073092
120073093
120073360
120074265
120074610
120074945
120088009
MCHA:
111010268
111011135
111013592
111013637
111013639
111013649
111013660
111013676
111016602
111021691
111021692
111021693
111024306
CMAX:
111466447
111471134
111471135
111471136
111471137
111471138
111471139
111471140
111477962
111477963
111483977
111485128
CMOS:
111433131
111433140
111433142
111449086
111449646
111461649
111463060
111463284
111463285
111463286
111463287
111463288
111463344
111463389
111463390
111463391
CPEP:
111777486
111780357
111780949
111780982
111781009
111781011
111781012
111782232
111782234
111785821
111801921
111803746
111803833
111803837
RCU:
8264881
8272514
8272515
8273543
8284514
JCU:
105637929
105642230
105642233
105650921
HBR:
110642341
110650000
110653783
110655301
110659945
110667843
110668141
MESC:
110603555
110613960
110619505
110620815
110622267
110625014
POP:
18100180
7463441
7479878
7486485
PEU:
105115311
105130758
105137114
105137115
105142552
PALZ:
118045919
118048308
118052332
118060001
118060002
JRE:
108988497
108995854
108997102
109008959
109009407
109017562
109021248
118349603
118349731
CILL:
122276709
122289177
122301292
122307886
122307887
122307888
CAVE:
132164899
132165223
132166394
132166395
132166396
132166427
132166707
132166803
132186144
132186162
132186175
132187588
132191837
QSU:
112009271
112023493
112025299
QLO:
115952784
115953247
115955447
115973405
115973406
115976049
115976061
TWL:
119988554
119989362
119991195
119998706
120005523
120013902
VVI:
100233012
100240904
100241377
100241575
100245997
(PAL)
100251137
100252889
100255939
100256293
100263160
100266224
100266593
100853659
100855356
VRI:
117915571
117920417
117925483
117925495
117928585
117932190
117932191
117932192
117932448
117933071
117933074
117933075
117933076
SLY:
101243631
101243656
101243922
(PAL3)
101244220
(PAL5)
101246969
101247265
101249824
(PAL2)
101253989
101261892
112941051
SPEN:
107002228
107013137
107014419
107020424
107030967
107031255
107031390
107032649
SOT:
102582618
102585026
102585357
102587888
102595248
102596017
(PAL)
102596343
102596891
102597781
102605661
107057661
SSTN:
125845819
125857497
125859798
125863624
125864552
125864554
125866946
125870205
125871461
125871462
SDUL:
129875908
129877809
129881153
CANN:
107843092
107854291
107863937
107871487
LBB:
132606885
132630037
132630038
132640013
NTA:
107761482
(palB)
107769293
(pal4)
107786762
(TOBPAL1)
107792668
(NtPAL)
107802063
107820497
107831213
NSY:
104212402
104218178
104230518
104241192
NTO:
104092690
104100767
104116279
104119303
NAU:
109209019
109212354
109231224
109233353
INI:
109148785
109148795
109148804
109148811
109181625
109187876
109192698
ITR:
116006484
116008405
116022516
116028398
116028538
116030458
SIND:
105161317
105161378
105174307
OEU:
111399604
111402181
111403111
EGT:
105955553
105956685
105961230
SSPL:
121748231
121748279
121787281
121792223
121795447
121799006
SMIL:
130997735
130997738
131014843
131020540
SHIS:
125204027
125213447
125219905
APAN:
127250896
127251261
127252199
HAN:
110868345
110877696
110898342
110898343
110898344
110904470
110924687
110924718
110925465
ECAD:
122586736
122602813
122602814
122602815
122604858
LSV:
111893052
111894107
111915057
111916376
111916377
CCAV:
112508463
112511516
112512533
112521371
112521561
DCR:
108217754
108223317
108224761
108227736
CSIN:
114262497
114269233
114273057
114302746
114308066
114309513
RVL:
131314929
131318698
131324739
AEW:
130753481
130753571
130764547
130767957
130770795
130771720
130795441
BVG:
104898673
SOE:
110796050
CQI:
110697690
110724960
ATRI:
130812846
130827609
MOF:
131147872
131165388
131167927
131167930
NNU:
104589393
104595050
104600622
104601277
MING:
122058157
122061512
122061513
122061804
122069916
122081057
122086992
TSS:
122646812
122647453
122652028
122664470
PSOM:
113294591
113298633
113310130
113310719
113328160
113338846
OSA:
4330036
4330037
4330040
4336415
4338861
4351235
4352358
DOSA:
Os02t0626400-01
(Os02g0626400)
Os02t0626600-00
(Os02g0626600)
Os02t0627100-01
(Os02g0627100)
Os04t0518400-01
(Os04g0518400)
Os05t0427400-00
(Os05g0427400)
Os12t0520200-01
(Os12g0520200)
OBR:
102709455
102714183
102715460
102717957
102718239
OGL:
127754932
127756722
127761514
127763090
127764562
127772145
127774730
BDI:
100829928
100840340
100841149
100841454
100843583
100844192
100845653
ATS:
109736056
109750201
109750202
109750206
109750207
109752036
109752043
109758771
109758772
109758784
109758790
109760444
109764463
109764464
109767405
109777317
TDC:
119287720
119312374
119317182
119317183
119317577
119317588
119317599
119317608
119324608
119326421
119326448
119354057
119354220
119355847
119355848
119360139
119360153
119360164
119360175
119363245
119363247
119364987
119364990
119364991
119364992
119367766
TAES:
123044473
123044475
123046102
123046106
123046108
123052332
123052335
123052459
123053982
123053983
123053984
123053985
123053986
123088069
123105200
123105206
123105215
123105222
123105228
123113082
123113856
123113857
123127714
123127715
123137535
123137536
123141544
123144879
123180005
123180007
123180011
123180545
123187330
123187336
123187343
123188184
123188342
123189877
123189878
123189879
123189880
TUA:
125513870
125513871
125528418
125528663
125536554
125536720
125539132
125539133
125539134
125539135
125539136
125539137
125544157
125544164
125544174
125549968
125550027
LPER:
127307029
127326489
127335611
127335613
127335616
127343773
127343774
127343775
127344933
127344934
LRD:
124660634
124660745
124661086
124661149
124665331
124667241
124667243
124671371
124673965
124674091
124676164
124676165
124676660
124676972
124678149
124678150
124678980
124687892
124687903
124692160
124692161
124692183
124692569
124692571
124692591
SBI:
8054283
8062467
8066166
8066167
8066169
8066170
ZMA:
100273579
100281042
100281532
100285115
100381820
103627433
103655990
109943525
SITA:
101756700
101780720
101781123
101781518
101781925
SVS:
117836977
117857065
117857515
117862857
117865862
PVIR:
120642390
120656507
120656508
120656509
120683054
120709314
120709328
PHAI:
112873613
112881643
112881654
112881665
112890395
112899882
PDA:
103703950
103708643
103708669
103718264
EGU:
105033424
105035781
105041875
105054501
105055673
MUS:
103971627
103972164
103978140
103983874
103985827
103994974
103998043
104000863
ZOF:
121971250
121971251
121971253
121976421
121976422
121976423
121980934
121984822
121988754
121997687
122007921
122007922
122017157
122051562
122056089
DCT:
110113904
110115785
PEQ:
110024167
110031047
AOF:
109826061
109836321
109836322
109836343
109848011
MSIN:
131220948
131220950
131220951
131220952
131227149
131236916
131240365
131245919
NCOL:
116252865
116260476
116263014
116265747
116267544
ATR:
18439368
18439369
18439372
18443160
18995827
SMO:
SELMODRAFT_450474
(PAL1-1)
SELMODRAFT_450478
(PAL1-2)
SELMODRAFT_450479
(PAL2-1)
SELMODRAFT_450480
(PAL3-1)
SELMODRAFT_450481
(PAL4-1)
SELMODRAFT_450482
(PAL2-2)
SELMODRAFT_450483
(PAL3-2a)
SELMODRAFT_450484
(PAL3-2b)
SELMODRAFT_450485
(PAL4-2)
PPP:
112273833
112273834
112276937
112277636
112278877
112285521
112286715
112287672
112290398
112290843
112291346
112294398
112295966
NCR:
NCU09391
NTE:
NEUTE1DRAFT85424
(NEUTE1DRAFT_85424)
SMP:
SMAC_01196
SMAC_05651
PAN:
PODANSg1143
PBEL:
QC761_501980
PPSD:
QC762_501980
PPSP:
QC763_501980
PPSA:
QC764_501980
TTT:
THITE_2117925
CTHR:
CTHT_0020200
MGR:
MGG_10036
PPEI:
PpBr36_04848
PGRI:
PgNI_11305
SSCK:
SPSK_07118
FGR:
FGSG_09311
FPU:
FPSE_09706
FVR:
FVEG_03798
FVEG_10552
FOX:
FOXG_05927
FOXG_11971
NHE:
NECHADRAFT_76812
FFC:
NCS54_00299300
FKR:
NCS57_00294500
FMU:
J7337_003806
J7337_013105
MAW:
MAC_06002
MAJ:
MAA_05249
MAA_09147
AMUS:
LMH87_012248
PLJ:
VFPFJ_04036
VFPFJ_04540
PTKZ:
JDV02_004488
VAL:
VDBG_06765
VDBG_08166
VDA:
VDAG_05831
VDAG_10058
CFJ:
CFIO01_05132
CFIO01_12530
CLUP:
CLUP02_06377
CLUP02_16442
CHIG:
CH63R_14109
ELA:
UCREL1_5223
UCREL1_6869
PFY:
PFICI_01582
BFU:
BCIN_01g10160
PSCO:
LY89DRAFT_585054
ANI:
ANIA_06075
AFM:
AFUA_2G09110
ACT:
ACLA_080920
NFI:
NFIA_084640
AOR:
AO090005000532
AO090011000788
AO090026000586
AO090701000601
ANG:
An04g04370
An08g07740
An13g02640
AFV:
AFLA_003340
AFLA_005128
AFLA_008180
ALUC:
AKAW2_50697S
AKAW2_51436S
AKAW2_51617S
ACHE:
ACHE_10063S
APUU:
APUU_20319A
PCS:
N7525_011080
POU:
POX_c04347
POX_g09079
TMF:
EYB26_001823
EYB26_006196
TRG:
TRUGW13939_02554
TRUGW13939_04868
TRUGW13939_05485
TRUGW13939_08765
TRUGW13939_09869
URE:
UREG_04219
PNO:
SNOG_08528
SNOG_09914
SNOG_16362
PTE:
PTT_11854
BZE:
COCCADRAFT_10166
CBET:
CB0940_00840
BCOM:
BAUCODRAFT_361906
NPA:
UCRNP2_2780
TASA:
A1Q1_00389
CCAC:
CcaHIS019_0207040
(CcaverHIS019_0207040)
TVS:
TRAVEDRAFT_173713
DSQ:
DICSQDRAFT_52356
DICSQDRAFT_92085
PCO:
PHACADRAFT_130223
PHACADRAFT_213633
PHACADRAFT_213640
PHACADRAFT_213646
PHACADRAFT_259798
SHS:
STEHIDRAFT_142351
STEHIDRAFT_160287
STEHIDRAFT_61084
HIR:
HETIRDRAFT_423519
HETIRDRAFT_481650
HETIRDRAFT_66536
PSQ:
PUNSTDRAFT_49445
ADL:
AURDEDRAFT_113627
AURDEDRAFT_115168
AURDEDRAFT_117508
AURDEDRAFT_73911
FME:
FOMMEDRAFT_101488
GTR:
GLOTRDRAFT_42132
LBC:
LACBIDRAFT_184628
LACBIDRAFT_291120
CCI:
CC1G_06838
CC1G_14161
ABP:
AGABI1DRAFT112726
(AGABI1DRAFT_112726)
AGABI1DRAFT112810
(AGABI1DRAFT_112810)
ABV:
AGABI2DRAFT192690
(PAL2)
AGABI2DRAFT192776
(PAL1)
PCUB:
JR316_0002356
JR316_0002394
MPR:
MPER_03924
MRR:
Moror_10348
Moror_6316
MORE:
E1B28_000528
(STR11_1)
E1B28_010076
(STR11_2)
SCM:
SCHCO_02368049
(SCHCODRAFT_02368049)
SCHCO_02631394
(SCHCODRAFT_02631394)
CPUT:
CONPUDRAFT_125534
SLA:
SERLADRAFT_416426
(pal1)
SERLADRAFT_418655
SERLADRAFT_447477
UMA:
UMAG_00078
UMAG_06509
PFP:
PFL1_00351
SGRA:
EX895_000098
PGR:
PGTG_10006
PGTG_12283
PTRC:
PtA15_11A447
PtA15_4A275
PSTR:
Pst134EA_011368
Pst134EA_017483
Pst134EA_032475
MLR:
MELLADRAFT_44072
MELLADRAFT_49604
YEN:
YE3021
YEP:
YE105_C1215
YEY:
Y11_19441
YEW:
CH47_2390
YET:
CH48_2792
YEF:
FORC2_3006
YEE:
YE5303_34601
PLU:
plu2234
PLUM:
A4R40_11195
PAY:
PAU_02187
PTT:
VY86_19920
PLUI:
CE143_11425
XBU:
HGO23_10050
ASIP:
AQUSIP_25040
(cmdF)
LCJ:
NCTC11976_00157
(cmdF)
NCO:
AAW31_07190
MET:
M446_0175
DLI:
dnl_24100
MELY:
L2X98_24770
MHAI:
OHB01_33070
ACTL:
L3i22_034130
DVC:
Dvina_38800
RXY:
Rxyl_1739
GLP:
Glo7428_1326
GDU:
P0S91_24645
NPU:
Npun_R2068
AVA:
Ava_3988
ANN:
EH233_03570
HBQ:
QI031_01365
RIV:
Riv7116_3074
CTHE:
Chro_0712
SCS:
Sta7437_0219
STAN:
STA3757_22250
HAU:
Haur_1883
Haur_2406
PBS:
Plabr_3153
AG:
CAA57056
(PAL2)
CAA57057
(PAL3)
CAA68938
(PAL1)
» show all
Taxonomy
UniProt
Reference
PMID:
15276452
Authors
Cochrane FC, Davin LB, Lewis NG
Title
The Arabidopsis phenylalanine ammonia lyase gene family: kinetic characterization of the four PAL isoforms.
Journal
Phytochemistry 65:1557-64 (2004)
DOI:
10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.05.006
Sequence
[ath:
AT2G37040
AT3G53260
AT5G04230
AT3G10340
]
Reference
PMID:
17185227
Authors
Watts KT, Mijts BN, Lee PC, Manning AJ, Schmidt-Dannert C
Title
Discovery of a substrate selectivity switch in tyrosine ammonia-lyase, a member of the aromatic amino acid lyase family.
Journal
Chem Biol 13:1317-26 (2006)
DOI:
10.1016/j.chembiol.2006.10.008
Sequence
[npu:
Npun_R2068
]
LinkDB
All DBs
DBGET
integrated database retrieval system