KEGG   PATHWAY: ko00946
Entry
ko00946                     Pathway                                
Name
Degradation of flavonoids
Description
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds with the C6-C3-C6 skeleton structure. Natural flavonoids, including their O-glycoside and C-glycoside forms, are synthesized as plant secondary metabolites and thus ubiquitously found in foods of plant origin. Because of the potential health benefits of dietary flavonoids, there has been much interest in characterizing the involvement of gut microbiome and identifying key metabolites and their interactions. For example, equol metabolized from soy products [MD:M00966] is known to have estrogenic activity.
Class
Metabolism; Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Pathway map
ko00946  Degradation of flavonoids
ko00946

Module
M00966  Equol biosynthesis, daidzein => equol [PATH:ko00946]
M00967  Flavone degradation, luteolin/apigenin => DHCA/phloretate [PATH:ko00946]
Orthology
K05349  beta-glucosidase [EC:3.2.1.21]
K05350  beta-glucosidase [EC:3.2.1.21]
K26172  puerarin oxidase
K26173  deglycosylation enzyme subunit DgpB
K26174  deglycosylation enzyme subunit DgpC
K26069  daidzein reductase [EC:1.3.1.-]
K26175  dihydrodaizein racemase [EC:5.1.-.-]
K26070  dihydrodaidzein reductase [EC:1.1.1.-]
K26071  tetrahydrodaidzein reductase
K05989  alpha-L-rhamnosidase [EC:3.2.1.40]
K26176  flavone/flavonol reductase
K26177  chalcone isomerase
K26178  flavanone/flavanol-cleaving reductase
K22906  phloretin hydrolase [EC:3.7.1.4]
K26179  naringenin degradation protein FdeD
K26180  naringenin degradation protein FdeE
K26181  naringenin degradation protein FdeC
K26182  naringenin degradation protein FdeH
K26183  naringenin degradation protein FdeJ
K26184  naringenin degradation protein FdeB
K26185  naringenin degradation protein FdeI
Compound
C00036  Oxaloacetate
C00389  Quercetin
C00509  Naringenin
C00642  4-Hydroxyphenylacetate
C00774  Phloretin
C00974  Dihydrokaempferol
C01161  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetate
C01477  Apigenin
C01514  Luteolin
C01617  Taxifolin
C01744  Phloretate
C02183  Phloroglucinol
C05623  Isoquercitrin
C05625  Rutin
C05631  Eriodictyol
C05903  Kaempferol
C06563  Genistein
C09099  Naringenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside
C09126  Genistin
C09789  Naringin
C10208  Daidzein
C10216  Daidzin
C10447  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylpropanoate
C10524  Puerarin
C12088  4-Hydroxycinnamoylmethane
C14131  Equol
C14458  Dihydrogenistein
C22552  Alphitonin
C22553  Maesopsin
C22556  (R)-Dihydrodaidzein
C22557  (S)-Dihydrodaidzein
C22558  (3S,4R)-Tetrahydrodaidzein
C22559  O-Desmethylangolensin
C22560  6'-Hydroxy-O-desmethylangolensin
C22567  3-Hydroxyphloretin
C22568  5,7,8-Trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one
C22569  (2E,4E)-2,4-Dihydroxy-4-[6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4-dioxodihydro-2H-pyran-3(4H)-ylidene]but-2-enoate
C22570  5-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxovalero-delta-lactone
C22571  5-Hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxopentanoate
C22572  4-Hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-butan-2-one
Reference
  Authors
Goris T, Cuadrat RRC, Braune A.
  Title
Flavonoid-Modifying Capabilities of the Human Gut Microbiome-An In Silico Study.
  Journal
Nutrients 13:2688 (2021)
DOI:10.3390/nu13082688
Reference
  Authors
Shimada Y, Takahashi M, Miyazawa N, Abiru Y, Uchiyama S, Hishigaki H
  Title
Identification of a novel dihydrodaidzein racemase essential for biosynthesis of equol from daidzein in Lactococcus sp. strain 20-92.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 78:4902-7 (2012)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.00410-12
Reference
  Authors
Maria Marin A, de la Torre J, Ricardo Marques Oliveira A, Barison A, Satie Chubatsu L, Adele Monteiro R, de Oliveira Pedrosa F, Maltempi de Souza E, Wassem R, Duque E, Ramos JL.
  Title
Genetic and functional characterization of a novel meta-pathway for degradation of naringenin in Herbaspirillum seropedicae SmR1.
  Journal
Environ Microbiol 18:4653-4661 (2016)
DOI:10.1111/1462-2920.13313
Reference
  Authors
Mayo B, Vazquez L, Florez AB.
  Title
Equol: A Bacterial Metabolite from The Daidzein Isoflavone and Its Presumed Beneficial Health Effects.
  Journal
Nutrients 11:E2231 (2019)
DOI:10.3390/nu11092231
Related
pathway
ko00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
ko00941  Flavonoid biosynthesis
ko00943  Isoflavonoid biosynthesis
ko00944  Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis
LinkDB

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