KEGG   PATHWAY: hel00260
Entry
hel00260                    Pathway                                
Name
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Halomonas elongata
Description
Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
hel00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
hel00260

Module
hel_M00018  Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:hel00260]
hel_M00020  Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:hel00260]
hel_M00033  Ectoine biosynthesis, aspartate => ectoine [PATH:hel00260]
hel_M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:hel00260]
hel_M00621  Glycine cleavage system [PATH:hel00260]
hel_M00919  Ectoine degradation, ectoine => aspartate [PATH:hel00260]
hel_M00975  Betaine degradation, bacteria, betaine => pyruvate [PATH:hel00260]
Other DBs
GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
Organism
Halomonas elongata [GN:hel]
Gene
HELO_3742  lysC; aspartate kinase [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
HELO_2235  asd; aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00133] [EC:1.2.1.11]
HELO_3857  hom; homoserine dehydrogenase [KO:K00003] [EC:1.1.1.3]
HELO_4004  thrB; homoserine kinase [KO:K02204] [EC:2.7.1.39]
HELO_3856  thrC; threonine synthase [KO:K01733] [EC:4.2.3.1]
HELO_3598  glyA1; glycine hydroxymethyltransferase [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
HELO_3449  glyA2; glycine hydroxymethyltransferase [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
HELO_2556  probable 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase [KO:K00018] [EC:1.1.1.29]
HELO_3667  ghrA; glyoxylate/hydroxypyruvate reductase [KO:K12972] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
HELO_3289A  glxK; glycerate kinase [KO:K00865] [EC:2.7.1.165]
HELO_1604  gckA; glycerate 2-kinase [KO:K11529] [EC:2.7.1.165]
HELO_1030  gpmI; phosphoglycerate mutase, 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent [KO:K15633] [EC:5.4.2.12]
HELO_1081  serA; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
HELO_2720  serC; phosphoserine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
HELO_1722  serB; phosphoserine phosphatase SerB [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]
HELO_2526  gcvP; glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]
HELO_2529  gcvT; glycine cleavage system protein GcvT (aminomethyltransferase) [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
HELO_3110  lpd; dihydrolipoate dehydrogenase [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
HELO_2527  gcvH; glycine cleavage system protein GcvH [KO:K02437]
HELO_1338  pssA; CDP-diacylglycerol--serine O-phosphatidyltransferase [KO:K17103] [EC:2.7.8.8]
HELO_1859  betA; choline dehydrogenase BetA [KO:K00108] [EC:1.1.99.1]
HELO_1860  betB; betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase BetB [KO:K00130] [EC:1.2.1.8]
HELO_1294  aldehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00130] [EC:1.2.1.8]
HELO_2768  aldehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00130] [EC:1.2.1.8]
HELO_3452  hpbB; stachydrine demethylase [KO:K00479] [EC:1.14.13.251]
HELO_3451  hpbC; probable iron-sulfur protein (2Fe-2S) HpbC [KO:K21832] [EC:1.14.13.251]
HELO_3460  hpbA; N-methylproline demethylase [KO:K21833] [EC:1.5.7.3]
HELO_3459  DUF3483 domain protein / 4Fe-4S ferredoxin domain protein [KO:K21834]
HELO_3458  EtfA family protein [KO:K25960]
HELO_3457  EtfB family protein [KO:K25961]
HELO_3446  soxA; sarcosine oxidase alpha subunit [KO:K00302] [EC:1.5.3.24 1.5.3.1]
HELO_3448  soxB; sarcosine oxidase beta subunit [KO:K00303] [EC:1.5.3.24 1.5.3.1]
HELO_3445  soxG; sarcosine oxidase gamma subunit [KO:K00305] [EC:1.5.3.24 1.5.3.1]
HELO_3447  soxD; sarcosine oxidase delta subunit [KO:K00304] [EC:1.5.3.24 1.5.3.1]
HELO_3468  sdaA; L-serine dehydratase [KO:K01752] [EC:4.3.1.17]
HELO_3251  tdcB; L-threonine dehydratase [KO:K01754] [EC:4.3.1.19]
HELO_3660  eutB; L-threonine dehydratase family protein EutB [KO:K01754] [EC:4.3.1.19]
HELO_1021  ilvA; L-threonine dehydratase [KO:K01754] [EC:4.3.1.19]
HELO_1520  PLP barrel domain protein [KO:K01753] [EC:4.3.1.18]
HELO_3136  ygeA; YgeA family protein [KO:K25316] [EC:5.1.1.10]
HELO_2239  trpA2; tryptophan synthase alpha subunit [KO:K01695] [EC:4.2.1.20]
HELO_4327  trpA1; tryptophan synthase alpha subunit [KO:K01695] [EC:4.2.1.20]
HELO_2238  trpB2; tryptophan synthase beta subunit [KO:K01696] [EC:4.2.1.20]
HELO_4326  trpB1; tryptophan synthase beta subunit [KO:K01696] [EC:4.2.1.20]
HELO_2589  ectB; diaminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase [KO:K00836] [EC:2.6.1.76]
HELO_2588  ectA; L-2,4-diaminobutyrate acetyltransferase [KO:K06718] [EC:2.3.1.178]
HELO_2590  ectC; L-ectoine synthase [KO:K06720] [EC:4.2.1.108]
HELO_4008  ectD; ectoine hydroxylase [KO:K10674] [EC:1.14.11.55]
HELO_3665  doeA; ectoine hydrolase [KO:K15783] [EC:3.5.4.44]
HELO_3664  doeB; N-alpha-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid deacetylase [KO:K15784] [EC:3.5.1.125]
HELO_3661  doeD; diaminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase [KO:K15785] [EC:2.6.1.76]
HELO_3662  doeC; aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(P)) (non-phosphorylating) [KO:K15786] [EC:1.2.1.-]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00022  Pyruvate
C00037  Glycine
C00048  Glyoxylate
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00065  L-Serine
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00114  Choline
C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
C00188  L-Threonine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00213  Sarcosine
C00258  D-Glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00300  Creatine
C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00546  Methylglyoxal
C00576  Betaine aldehyde
C00581  Guanidinoacetate
C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00719  Betaine
C00740  D-Serine
C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
C01888  Aminoacetone
C02051  Lipoylprotein
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02737  Phosphatidylserine
C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
C05519  L-Allothreonine
C06231  Ectoine
C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:11823218
  Authors
Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
Reference
PMID:10473374
  Authors
Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  Title
Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
Reference
PMID:17636255
  Authors
Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
Reference
PMID:16707670
  Authors
Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  Title
The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
Reference
PMID:15470257
  Authors
Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  Title
FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  Journal
Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
Reference
PMID:7639721
  Authors
Rees WD, Hay SM
  Title
The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  Journal
Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
Reference
PMID:11341914
  Authors
Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  Title
Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
Reference
PMID:15520012
  Authors
Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  Title
Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
Related
pathway
hel00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
hel00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
hel00230  Purine metabolism
hel00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
hel00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
hel00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
hel00300  Lysine biosynthesis
hel00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
hel00460  Cyanoamino acid metabolism
hel00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
hel00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
hel00620  Pyruvate metabolism
hel00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
hel00640  Propanoate metabolism
hel00680  Methane metabolism
hel00860  Porphyrin metabolism
hel00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00260   
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