KEGG Modules

Carbohydrate metabolism
Central carbohydrate metabolism
M00001 Glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), glucose => pyruvate [PATH:mse00010 mse01200 mse01100]
M00002 Glycolysis, core module involving three-carbon compounds [PATH:mse00010 mse01200 mse01230 mse01100]
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:mse00010 mse00020 mse01100]
M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:mse00010 mse00020 mse00620 mse00785 mse01200 mse01210 mse01100]
M00009 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) [PATH:mse00020 mse01200 mse01100]
M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:mse00020 mse01200 mse01210 mse01230 mse01100]
M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:mse00020 mse01200 mse01210 mse01100]
M00004 Pentose phosphate pathway (Pentose phosphate cycle) [PATH:mse00030 mse01200 mse01100 mse01120]
M00006 Pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phase, glucose 6P => ribulose 5P [PATH:mse00030 mse01200 mse01100 mse01120]
M00007 Pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative phase, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:mse00030 mse01200 mse01230 mse01100 mse01120]
M00580 Pentose phosphate pathway, archaea, fructose 6P => ribose 5P [PATH:mse00030 mse01200 mse01230 mse01100 mse01120]
M00005 PRPP biosynthesis, ribose 5P => PRPP [PATH:mse00030 mse00230 mse01200 mse01230 mse01100]
M00633 Semi-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway, gluconate/galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:mse00030 mse00052 mse01200 mse01100]
M00309 Non-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway, gluconate/galactonate => glycerate [PATH:mse00030 mse00052 mse01200 mse01100 mse01120]

Other carbohydrate metabolism
M00014 Glucuronate pathway (uronate pathway) [PATH:mse00040 mse01100]
M00632 Galactose degradation, Leloir pathway, galactose => alpha-D-glucose-1P [PATH:mse00052 mse01100]
M00552 D-galactonate degradation, De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, D-galactonate => glycerate-3P [PATH:mse00052 mse01100]
M00854 Glycogen biosynthesis, glucose-1P => glycogen/starch [PATH:mse00500 mse01100]
M00855 Glycogen degradation, glycogen => glucose-6P [PATH:mse00500 mse01100]
M00549 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, glucose => UDP-glucose [PATH:mse00520 mse01250 mse01100]
M00554 Nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, galactose => UDP-galactose [PATH:mse00520 mse00052 mse01250 mse01100]
M00892 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, eukaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:mse00520 mse01250 mse01100]
M00909 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, glucose => UDP-GlcNAc [PATH:mse00520 mse01250 mse01100]
M00012 Glyoxylate cycle [PATH:mse00630 mse01200 mse01100 mse01110]
M00013 Malonate semialdehyde pathway, propanoyl-CoA => acetyl-CoA [PATH:mse00410 mse00640 mse01200 mse01100]
M00741 Propanoyl-CoA metabolism, propanoyl-CoA => succinyl-CoA [PATH:mse00280 mse00630 mse00640 mse01200 mse01100]
M00968 Pentose bisphosphate pathway (nucleoside degradation), archaea, nucleoside/NMP => 3-PGA/glycerone phosphate [PATH:mse00030 mse00230 mse00240 mse00630 mse01100]
M00130 Inositol phosphate metabolism, PI=> PIP2 => Ins(1,4,5)P3 => Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [PATH:mse00562 mse01100]
M00131 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 => Ins(1,3,4)P3 => myo-inositol [PATH:mse00562 mse01100]
M00132 Inositol phosphate metabolism, Ins(1,3,4)P3 => phytate [PATH:mse00562 mse01100]

Energy metabolism
Carbon fixation
M00168 CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism), dark [PATH:mse00620 mse01200 mse01100 mse01120]
M00375 Hydroxypropionate-hydroxybutylate cycle [PATH:mse00720 mse01200 mse01100 mse01120]
M00374 Dicarboxylate-hydroxybutyrate cycle [PATH:mse00720 mse01200 mse01100 mse01120]
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:mse00620 mse00720 mse01200 mse01100 mse01120]

Methane metabolism
M00567 Methanogenesis, CO2 => methane [PATH:mse00680 mse01200 mse01100 mse01120]
M00357 Methanogenesis, acetate => methane [PATH:mse00680 mse01200 mse01100 mse01120]
M00356 Methanogenesis, methanol => methane [PATH:mse00680 mse01200 mse01100 mse01120]
M00563 Methanogenesis, methylamine/dimethylamine/trimethylamine => methane [PATH:mse00680 mse01200 mse01100 mse01120]
M00608 2-Oxocarboxylic acid chain extension, 2-oxoglutarate => 2-oxoadipate => 2-oxopimelate => 2-oxosuberate [PATH:mse00300 mse00680 mse01210 mse01230 mse01240 mse01100 mse01120]
M00345 Formaldehyde assimilation, ribulose monophosphate pathway [PATH:mse00030 mse00680 mse01200 mse01230 mse01100 mse01120]
M00378 F420 biosynthesis, archaea [PATH:mse00680 mse01240 mse01100 mse01120]
M00935 Methanofuran biosynthesis [PATH:mse00680 mse01240 mse01100]
M00422 Acetyl-CoA pathway, CO2 => acetyl-CoA [PATH:mse00680 mse01200 mse01100 mse01120]

Nitrogen metabolism
M00175 Nitrogen fixation, nitrogen => ammonia [PATH:mse00910 mse01100 mse01120]
M00531 Assimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:mse00910 mse01100 mse01120]
M00530 Dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrate => ammonia [PATH:mse00910 mse01100 mse01120]

Sulfur metabolism
M00176 Assimilatory sulfate reduction, sulfate => H2S [PATH:mse00920 mse01100 mse01120]
M00595 Thiosulfate oxidation by SOX complex, thiosulfate => sulfate [PATH:mse00920 mse01100 mse01120]

Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
M00144 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, prokaryotes [PATH:mse00190 mse01100]
M00142 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondria [PATH:mse00190 mse01100]
M00143 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein/flavoprotein complex, mitochondria [PATH:mse00190 mse01100]
M00149 Succinate dehydrogenase, prokaryotes [PATH:mse00190 mse01100]
M00150 Fumarate reductase, prokaryotes [PATH:mse00190 mse01100]
M00148 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) [PATH:mse00190 mse01100]
M00151 Cytochrome bc1 complex respiratory unit [PATH:mse00190 mse01100]
M00155 Cytochrome c oxidase, prokaryotes [PATH:mse00190 mse01100]
M00416 Cytochrome aa3-600 menaquinol oxidase [PATH:mse00190 mse01100]
M00156 Cytochrome c oxidase, cbb3-type [PATH:mse00190 mse01100]
M00157 F-type ATPase, prokaryotes and chloroplasts [PATH:mse00190 mse01100]
M00158 F-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:mse00190 mse01100]
M00159 V/A-type ATPase, prokaryotes [PATH:mse00190 mse01100]
M00160 V-type ATPase, eukaryotes [PATH:mse00190 mse01100]

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
M00082 Fatty acid biosynthesis, initiation [PATH:mse00061 mse01212 mse01100]
M00083 Fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation [PATH:mse00061 mse01212 mse01100]
M00085 Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria [PATH:mse01212 mse01100]
M00415 Fatty acid elongation in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:mse01212 mse01100]
M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:mse00061 mse00071 mse01212 mse01100]
M00087 beta-Oxidation [PATH:mse00071 mse01212 mse01100]
M00861 beta-Oxidation, peroxisome, VLCFA [PATH:mse01212 mse01100]

Sterol biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
M00089 Triacylglycerol biosynthesis [PATH:mse00561 mse01100]
M00098 Acylglycerol degradation [PATH:mse00561 mse01100]
M00090 Phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis, choline => PC [PATH:mse00564 mse01100]
M00092 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, ethanolamine => PE [PATH:mse00564 mse01100]
M00093 Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthesis, PA => PS => PE [PATH:mse00564 mse01100]
M00094 Ceramide biosynthesis [PATH:mse01100]
M00099 Sphingosine biosynthesis [PATH:mse01100]
M00100 Sphingosine degradation [PATH:mse01100]

Nucleotide metabolism
Purine metabolism
M00048 De novo purine biosynthesis, PRPP + glutamine => IMP [PATH:mse00230 mse01100]
M00049 Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => ADP,ATP [PATH:mse00230 mse01232 mse01240 mse01100]
M00050 Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, IMP => GDP,GTP [PATH:mse00230 mse01232 mse01100]
M00053 Deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, ADP/GDP/CDP/UDP => dATP/dGTP/dCTP/dUTP [PATH:mse00230 mse00240 mse01232 mse01100]
M00958 Adenine ribonucleotide degradation, AMP => Urate [PATH:mse00230 mse01232 mse01100]
M00959 Guanine ribonucleotide degradation, GMP => Urate [PATH:mse00230 mse01232 mse01100]
M00546 Purine degradation, xanthine => urea [PATH:mse00230 mse01100]

Pyrimidine metabolism
M00051 De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, glutamine (+ PRPP) => UMP [PATH:mse00240 mse01240 mse01100]
M00052 Pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, UMP => UDP/UTP,CDP/CTP [PATH:mse00240 mse01232 mse01240 mse01100]
M00938 Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, UDP => dTTP [PATH:mse00240 mse01232 mse01100]
M00046 Pyrimidine degradation, uracil => beta-alanine, thymine => 3-aminoisobutanoate [PATH:mse00240 mse00410 mse00770 mse01100]

Amino acid metabolism
Serine and threonine metabolism
M00020 Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:mse00260 mse00680 mse01200 mse01230 mse01100]
M00018 Threonine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => threonine [PATH:mse00260 mse01230 mse01100 mse01110]
M00621 Glycine cleavage system [PATH:mse00260 mse00630 mse00785 mse01200 mse01100]
M00555 Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:mse00260 mse01100]
M00033 Ectoine biosynthesis, aspartate => ectoine [PATH:mse00260 mse01210 mse01230 mse01100 mse01120]

Cysteine and methionine metabolism
M00021 Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:mse00270 mse00920 mse01200 mse01230 mse01100 mse01110]
M00338 Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:mse00260 mse00270 mse01230 mse01100]
M00609 Cysteine biosynthesis, methionine => cysteine [PATH:mse00270 mse01230 mse01100]
M00017 Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:mse00270 mse01230 mse01100]
M00034 Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:mse00270 mse01100]
M00035 Methionine degradation [PATH:mse00270 mse01100]

Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
M00019 Valine/isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => valine / 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:mse00290 mse00770 mse01210 mse01230 mse01100 mse01110]
M00535 Isoleucine biosynthesis, pyruvate => 2-oxobutanoate [PATH:mse00290 mse00660 mse01210 mse01230 mse01100]
M00570 Isoleucine biosynthesis, threonine => 2-oxobutanoate => isoleucine [PATH:mse00290 mse01230 mse01100]
M00432 Leucine biosynthesis, 2-oxoisovalerate => 2-oxoisocaproate [PATH:mse00290 mse01210 mse01230 mse01100 mse01110]
M00036 Leucine degradation, leucine => acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA [PATH:mse00280 mse01100]

Lysine metabolism
M00016 Lysine biosynthesis, succinyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:mse00300 mse01230 mse01100]
M00525 Lysine biosynthesis, acetyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:mse00300 mse01230 mse01100]
M00527 Lysine biosynthesis, DAP aminotransferase pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:mse00300 mse01230 mse01100 mse01110]
M00031 Lysine biosynthesis, mediated by LysW, 2-aminoadipate => lysine [PATH:mse00300 mse01210 mse01230 mse01100]

Arginine and proline metabolism
M00028 Ornithine biosynthesis, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:mse00220 mse01210 mse01230 mse01100]
M00763 Ornithine biosynthesis, mediated by LysW, glutamate => ornithine [PATH:mse00220 mse01210 mse01230 mse01100]
M00844 Arginine biosynthesis, ornithine => arginine [PATH:mse00220 mse01230 mse01100]
M00015 Proline biosynthesis, glutamate => proline [PATH:mse00330 mse01230 mse01100]
M00970 Proline degradation, proline => glutamate [PATH:mse00330 mse01100]
M00972 Proline metabolism [PATH:mse00330 mse01100]

Polyamine biosynthesis
M00133 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => agmatine => putrescine => spermidine [PATH:mse00330 mse01100]
M00134 Polyamine biosynthesis, arginine => ornithine => putrescine [PATH:mse00330 mse01100]
M00135 GABA biosynthesis, eukaryotes, putrescine => GABA [PATH:mse00330 mse01100]

Histidine metabolism
M00026 Histidine biosynthesis, PRPP => histidine [PATH:mse00340 mse01230 mse01100 mse01110]
M00045 Histidine degradation, histidine => N-formiminoglutamate => glutamate [PATH:mse00340 mse01100]

Aromatic amino acid metabolism
M00022 Shikimate pathway, phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose-4P => chorismate [PATH:mse00400 mse01230 mse01100 mse01110]
M00023 Tryptophan biosynthesis, chorismate => tryptophan [PATH:mse00400 mse01230 mse01100 mse01110]
M00044 Tyrosine degradation, tyrosine => homogentisate [PATH:mse00350 mse01100]
M00533 Homoprotocatechuate degradation, homoprotocatechuate => 2-oxohept-3-enedioate [PATH:mse00350 mse01220 mse01100 mse01120]

Other amino acid metabolism
M00027 GABA (gamma-Aminobutyrate) shunt [PATH:mse00250 mse00650 mse01100]
M00118 Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:mse00480 mse01240 mse01100]

Glycan metabolism
Glycan biosynthesis
M00073 N-glycan precursor trimming [PATH:mse01100]

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
M00057 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, linkage tetrasaccharide [PATH:mse01100]
M00059 Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, heparan sulfate backbone [PATH:mse01100]

Lipopolysaccharide metabolism
M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:mse01100]
M00063 CMP-KDO biosynthesis [PATH:mse01250 mse01100]
M00064 ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis [PATH:mse01250 mse01100]

Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
Cofactor and vitamin metabolism
M00895 Thiamine biosynthesis, prokaryotes, AIR (+ DXP/glycine) => TMP/TPP [PATH:mse00730 mse01240 mse01100]
M00896 Thiamine biosynthesis, archaea, AIR (+ NAD+) => TMP/TPP [PATH:mse00730 mse01240 mse01100]
M00899 Thiamine salvage pathway, HMP/HET => TMP [PATH:mse00730 mse01100]
M00125 Riboflavin biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, GTP => riboflavin/FMN/FAD [PATH:mse00740 mse01240 mse01100 mse01110]
M00124 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, erythrose-4P => pyridoxal-P [PATH:mse00750 mse01240 mse01100]
M00916 Pyridoxal-P biosynthesis, R5P + glyceraldehyde-3P + glutamine => pyridoxal-P [PATH:mse00750 mse01240 mse01100]
M00115 NAD biosynthesis, aspartate => quinolinate => NAD [PATH:mse00760 mse01240 mse01100]
M00119 Pantothenate biosynthesis, valine/L-aspartate => pantothenate [PATH:mse00770 mse01240 mse01100 mse01110]
M00120 Coenzyme A biosynthesis, pantothenate => CoA [PATH:mse00770 mse01240 mse01100]
M00572 Pimeloyl-ACP biosynthesis, BioC-BioH pathway, malonyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP [PATH:mse00780 mse01240 mse01100]
M00123 Biotin biosynthesis, pimeloyl-ACP/CoA => biotin [PATH:mse00780 mse01240 mse01100]
M00573 Biotin biosynthesis, BioI pathway, long-chain-acyl-ACP => pimeloyl-ACP => biotin [PATH:mse00780 mse01240 mse01100]
M00577 Biotin biosynthesis, BioW pathway, pimelate => pimeloyl-CoA => biotin [PATH:mse00780 mse01240 mse01100]
M00881 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-E2/H [PATH:mse00785 mse01240 mse01100]
M00882 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, eukaryotes, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H [PATH:mse00785 mse01240 mse01100]
M00883 Lipoic acid biosynthesis, animals and bacteria, octanoyl-ACP => dihydrolipoyl-H => dihydrolipoyl-E2 [PATH:mse00785 mse01240 mse01100]
M00126 Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, GTP => THF [PATH:mse00790 mse00670 mse01240 mse01100]
M00842 Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, GTP => BH4 [PATH:mse00790 mse01240 mse01100]
M00880 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, GTP => molybdenum cofactor [PATH:mse00790 mse01240 mse01100]
M00140 C1-unit interconversion, prokaryotes [PATH:mse00670 mse01240 mse01100]
M00141 C1-unit interconversion, eukaryotes [PATH:mse00670 mse01240 mse01100]
M00846 Siroheme biosynthesis, glutamyl-tRNA => siroheme [PATH:mse00860 mse01240 mse01100 mse01110]
M00121 Heme biosynthesis, plants and bacteria, glutamate => heme [PATH:mse00860 mse01240 mse01100 mse01110]
M00926 Heme biosynthesis, bacteria, glutamyl-tRNA => coproporphyrin III => heme [PATH:mse00860 mse01240 mse01100]
M00847 Heme biosynthesis, archaea, siroheme => heme [PATH:mse00860 mse01240 mse01100 mse01110]
M00924 Cobalamin biosynthesis, anaerobic, uroporphyrinogen III => sirohydrochlorin => cobyrinate a,c-diamide [PATH:mse00860 mse01240 mse01100]
M00122 Cobalamin biosynthesis, cobyrinate a,c-diamide => cobalamin [PATH:mse00860 mse01240 mse01100]
M00836 Coenzyme F430 biosynthesis, sirohydrochlorin => coenzyme F430 [PATH:mse00860 mse01240 mse01100 mse01120]
M00117 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, prokaryotes, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => ubiquinol [PATH:mse00130 mse01240 mse01100 mse01110]
M00128 Ubiquinone biosynthesis, eukaryotes, 4-hydroxybenzoate + polyprenyl-PP => ubiquinol [PATH:mse00130 mse01240 mse01100]
M00116 Menaquinone biosynthesis, chorismate (+ polyprenyl-PP) => menaquinol [PATH:mse00130 mse01240 mse01100 mse01110]

Biosynthesis of terpenoids and polyketides
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
M00095 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:mse00900 mse01100 mse01110]
M00849 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway, archaea [PATH:mse00900 mse01100 mse01110]
M00096 C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:mse00900 mse01100 mse01110]
M00364 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, bacteria [PATH:mse00900 mse01100 mse01110]
M00365 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, archaea [PATH:mse00900 mse01100 mse01110]
M00367 C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-plant eukaryotes [PATH:mse00900 mse01100 mse01110]

Plant terpenoid biosynthesis
Macrolide biosynthesis
Enediyne biosynthesis
Type II polyketide biosynthesis
Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis
M00793 dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis [PATH:mse00521 mse00523 mse01250 mse01100 mse01110]

Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
Biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds
Biosynthesis of beta-lactams
Biosynthesis of other antibiotics
Biosynthesis of other fungal compounds
Biosynthesis of other bacterial compounds
Xenobiotics biodegradation
Aromatics degradation
M00548 Benzene degradation, benzene => catechol [PATH:mse00361 mse00362 mse01220 mse01100 mse01120]
M00551 Benzoate degradation, benzoate => catechol / methylbenzoate => methylcatechol [PATH:mse00362 mse01220 mse01100 mse01120]
M00637 Anthranilate degradation, anthranilate => catechol [PATH:mse00627 mse01100 mse01120]
M00569 Catechol meta-cleavage, catechol => acetyl-CoA / 4-methylcatechol => propanoyl-CoA [PATH:mse00362 mse01220 mse01100 mse01120]
M00545 Trans-cinnamate degradation, trans-cinnamate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:mse00360 mse01220 mse01100 mse01120]

Gene set
Pathogenicity
Drug resistance
M00745 Imipenem resistance, repression of porin OprD

Plant pathogenicity
Symbiosis
Module set
Metabolic capacity
M00617 Methanogen
M00615 Nitrate assimilation
M00616 Sulfate-sulfur assimilation