KEGG   PATHWAY: ath00270
Entry
ath00270                    Pathway                                
Name
Cysteine and methionine metabolism - Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)
Description
Cysteine and methionine are sulfur-containing amino acids. Cysteine is synthesized from serine through different pathways in different organism groups. In bacteria and plants, cysteine is converted from serine (via acetylserine) by transfer of hydrogen sulfide [MD:M00021]. In animals, methionine-derived homocysteine is used as sulfur source and its condensation product with serine (cystathionine) is converted to cysteine [MD:M00338]. Cysteine is metabolized to pyruvate in multiple routes. Methionine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, methionine is synthesized from aspartate [MD:M00017]. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), synthesized from methionine and ATP, is a methyl group donor in many important transfer reactions including DNA methylation for regulation of gene expression. SAM may also be used to regenerate methionine in the methionine salvage pathway [MD:M00034].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
ath00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
ath00270

Module
ath_M00021  Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:ath00270]
ath_M00034  Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:ath00270]
ath_M00368  Ethylene biosynthesis, methionine => ethylene [PATH:ath00270]
Other DBs
GO: 0006534 0006555
Organism
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) [GN:ath]
Gene
AT1G55920  SERAT2;1; serine acetyltransferase 2;1 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
AT5G56760  SERAT1;1; serine acetyltransferase 1;1 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
AT3G13110  SERAT2;2; serine acetyltransferase 2;2 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
AT4G35640  SERAT3;2; serine acetyltransferase 3;2 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
AT2G17640  ATSERAT3;1; Trimeric LpxA-like enzymes superfamily protein [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
AT1G55880  Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme family protein [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
AT2G43750  OASB; O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase B [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
AT3G04940  CYSD1; cysteine synthase D1 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
AT3G22460  OASA2; O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase (OAS-TL) isoform A2 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
AT5G28030  DES1; L-cysteine desulfhydrase 1 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
AT4G14880  OASA1; O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase (OAS-TL) isoform A1 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
AT3G59760  OASC; O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase isoform C [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
AT5G28020  CYSD2; cysteine synthase D2 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
AT3G61440  CYSC1; cysteine synthase C1 [KO:K13034] [EC:2.5.1.47 4.4.1.9]
AT3G57050  CBL; cystathionine beta-lyase [KO:K01760] [EC:4.4.1.13]
AT4G23600  CORI3; Tyrosine transaminase family protein [KO:K21623] [EC:4.4.1.35]
AT3G22740  HMT3; homocysteine S-methyltransferase 3 [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
AT3G25900  HMT-1; Homocysteine S-methyltransferase family protein [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
AT3G63250  HMT2; homocysteine methyltransferase 2 [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
AT5G20980  MS3; methionine synthase 3 [KO:K00549] [EC:2.1.1.14]
AT5G17920  ATMS1; Cobalamin-independent synthase family protein [KO:K00549] [EC:2.1.1.14]
AT3G03780  MS2; methionine synthase 2 [KO:K00549] [EC:2.1.1.14]
AT2G36880  MAT3; methionine adenosyltransferase 3 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
AT3G17390  MTO3; S-adenosylmethionine synthetase family protein [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
AT4G01850  SAM-2; S-adenosylmethionine synthetase 2 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
AT1G02500  SAM1; S-adenosylmethionine synthetase 1 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
AT3G25570  Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase family protein [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
AT5G18930  BUD2; Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase family protein [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
AT5G15950  Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase family protein [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
AT3G02470  SAMDC; S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
AT1G23820  SPDS1; spermidine synthase [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
AT1G70310  SPDS2; spermidine synthase 2 [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
AT5G53120  SPDS3; spermidine synthase 3 [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
AT5G04950  NAS1; nicotianamine synthase 1 [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
AT5G56080  NAS2; nicotianamine synthase 2 [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
AT1G09240  NAS3; nicotianamine synthase 3 [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
AT1G56430  NAS4; nicotianamine synthase 4 [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
AT4G34840  Phosphorylase superfamily protein [KO:K01244] [EC:3.2.2.16]
AT4G38800  MTN1; methylthioadenosine nucleosidase 1 [KO:K01244] [EC:3.2.2.16]
AT1G49820  MTK; S-methyl-5-thioribose kinase [KO:K00899] [EC:2.7.1.100]
AT2G05830  NagB/RpiA/CoA transferase-like superfamily protein [KO:K08963] [EC:5.3.1.23]
AT5G53850  haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase family protein [KO:K16054] [EC:4.2.1.109 3.1.3.77]
AT4G14710  ATARD2; RmlC-like cupins superfamily protein [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
AT4G14716  ARD1; acireductone dioxygenase 1 [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
AT2G26400  ARD3; acireductone dioxygenase 3 [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
AT5G43850  ARD4; RmlC-like cupins superfamily protein [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
AT1G77670  Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent transferases superfamily protein [KO:K23977] [EC:2.6.1.117]
AT5G53970  TAT7; Tyrosine transaminase family protein [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
AT5G36160  Tyrosine transaminase family protein [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
AT2G24850  TAT3; tyrosine aminotransferase 3 [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
AT4G28410  Tyrosine transaminase family protein [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
AT4G28420  Tyrosine transaminase family protein [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
AT4G23590  Tyrosine transaminase family protein [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
AT1G80360  Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent transferases superfamily protein [KO:K00837] [EC:2.6.1.-]
AT1G64660  MGL; methionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01761] [EC:4.4.1.11]
AT4G13610  MEE57; DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase family protein [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
AT4G14140  DMT2; DNA methyltransferase 2 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
AT5G49160  MET1; methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
AT1G69770  CMT3; chromomethylase 3 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
AT1G80740  CMT1; chromomethylase 1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
AT4G19020  CMT2; chromomethylase 2 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
AT4G08990  DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase family protein [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
AT5G27650  Tudor/PWWP/MBT superfamily protein [KO:K17398] [EC:2.1.1.37]
AT3G23810  SAHH2; S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (SAH) hydrolase 2 [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
AT4G13940  HOG1; S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
AT4G11280  ACS6; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) synthase 6 [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
AT1G01480  ACS2; 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 2 [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
AT3G61510  ACS1; ACC synthase 1 [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
AT4G37770  ACS8; 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
AT3G49700  ACS9; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 9 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
AT2G22810  ACS4; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 4 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
AT5G65800  ACS5; ACC synthase 5 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
AT4G08040  ACS11; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 11 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
AT4G26200  ACS7; 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 7 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
AT1G05010  EFE; ethylene-forming enzyme [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
AT1G12010  2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase superfamily protein [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
AT2G19590  ACO1; ACC oxidase 1 [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
AT1G62380  ACO2; ACC oxidase 2 [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
AT1G77330  2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase superfamily protein [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
AT5G13280  AK-LYS1; aspartate kinase 1 [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
AT5G14060  CARAB-AK-LYS; Aspartate kinase family protein [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
AT3G02020  AK3; aspartate kinase 3 [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
AT1G31230  AK-HSDH_I; aspartate kinase-homoserine dehydrogenase i [KO:K12524] [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3]
AT4G19710  AK-HSDH_II; aspartate kinase-homoserine dehydrogenase ii [KO:K12524] [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3]
AT1G14810  semialdehyde dehydrogenase family protein [KO:K00133] [EC:1.2.1.11]
AT3G01120  MTO1; Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent transferases superfamily protein [KO:K01739] [EC:2.5.1.48]
AT1G33320  Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent transferases superfamily protein [KO:K01739] [EC:2.5.1.48]
AT1G50090  BCAT7; D-aminoacid aminotransferase-like PLP-dependent enzymes superfamily protein [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
AT1G50110  D-aminoacid aminotransferase-like PLP-dependent enzymes superfamily protein [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
AT1G10070  BCAT-2; branched-chain amino acid transaminase 2 [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
AT3G49680  BCAT3; branched-chain aminotransferase 3 [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
AT5G65780  ATBCAT-5; branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase 5 / branched-chain amino acid transaminase 5 (BCAT5) [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
AT1G10060  BCAT-1; branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
AT4G39660  AGT2; alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
AT3G08860  PYD4; PYRIMIDINE 4 [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
AT2G38400  AGT3; alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 3 [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
AT4G23100  GSH1; glutamate-cysteine ligase [KO:K01919] [EC:6.3.2.2]
AT5G27380  GSH2; glutathione synthetase 2 [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
AT5G19550  ASP2; aspartate aminotransferase 2 [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]
AT5G11520  ASP3; aspartate aminotransferase 3 [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]
AT1G62800  ASP4; aspartate aminotransferase 4 [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]
AT2G30970  ASP1; aspartate aminotransferase 1 [KO:K14455] [EC:2.6.1.1]
AT4G31990  ASP5; aspartate aminotransferase 5 [KO:K00811] [EC:2.6.1.1]
AT1G79230  MST1; mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase 1 [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
AT1G16460  RDH2; rhodanese homologue 2 [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
AT4G17260  Lactate/malate dehydrogenase family protein [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
AT1G48420  D-CDES; D-cysteine desulfhydrase [KO:K05396] [EC:4.4.1.15]
AT3G26115  Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme family protein [KO:K05396] [EC:4.4.1.15]
AT3G62130  LCD; Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent transferases superfamily protein [KO:K22207] [EC:4.4.1.28]
AT5G26600  Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent transferases superfamily protein [KO:K22207] [EC:4.4.1.28]
AT1G04410  c-NAD-MDH1; Lactate/malate dehydrogenase family protein [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
AT5G56720  c-NAD-MDH3; Lactate/malate dehydrogenase family protein [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
AT5G43330  c-NAD-MDH2; Lactate/malate dehydrogenase family protein [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
AT3G47520  MDH; malate dehydrogenase [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
AT1G53240  mMDH1; Lactate/malate dehydrogenase family protein [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
AT2G22780  PMDH1; peroxisomal NAD-malate dehydrogenase 1 [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
AT3G15020  mMDH2; Lactate/malate dehydrogenase family protein [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
AT5G09660  PMDH2; peroxisomal NAD-malate dehydrogenase 2 [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
AT3G03630  CS26; cysteine synthase 26 [KO:K22846] [EC:2.5.1.144]
AT3G19480  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
AT4G34200  EDA9; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
AT1G17745  PGDH; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
AT2G17630  Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent transferases superfamily protein [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
AT4G35630  PSAT; phosphoserine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
Compound
C00019  S-Adenosyl-L-methionine
C00021  S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine
C00022  Pyruvate
C00041  L-Alanine
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00051  Glutathione
C00059  Sulfate
C00065  L-Serine
C00073  L-Methionine
C00094  Sulfite
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00155  L-Homocysteine
C00170  5'-Methylthioadenosine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00283  Hydrogen sulfide
C00409  Methanethiol
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00491  L-Cystine
C00506  L-Cysteate
C00606  3-Sulfino-L-alanine
C00793  D-Cysteine
C00957  Mercaptopyruvate
C00979  O-Acetyl-L-serine
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01077  O-Acetyl-L-homoserine
C01118  O-Succinyl-L-homoserine
C01137  S-Adenosylmethioninamine
C01180  4-Methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid
C01234  1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate
C01817  L-Homocystine
C01962  Thiocysteine
C02218  Dehydroalanine
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02356  (S)-2-Aminobutanoate
C02989  L-Methionine S-oxide
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03089  5-Methylthio-D-ribose
C03145  N-Formylmethionine
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03431  S-Inosyl-L-homocysteine
C03539  S-Ribosyl-L-homocysteine
C04188  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphate
C04582  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate
C05324  Nicotianamine
C05524  Aminoacyl-L-methionine
C05526  S-Glutathionyl-L-cysteine
C05527  3-Sulfinylpyruvate
C05528  3-Sulfopyruvate
C05823  3-Mercaptolactate
C05824  S-Sulfo-L-cysteine
C06547  Ethylene
C08276  3-(Methylthio)propanoate
C09306  Sulfur dioxide
C11437  1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
C11481  HSO3-
C11499  (S)-3-Sulfolactate
C11537  (2R)-3-Sulfolactate
C15606  1,2-Dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one
C15650  2,3-Diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate
C15651  2-Hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate
C18049  N-Acyl-L-homoserine lactone
C19787  5'-S-Methyl-5'-thioinosine
C21015  gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyrate
C21016  Ophthalmate
C22359  S-Methyl-1-thio-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
Reference
PMID:15102328
  Authors
Sekowska A, Denervaud V, Ashida H, Michoud K, Haas D, Yokota A, Danchin A
  Title
Bacterial variations on the methionine salvage pathway.
  Journal
BMC Microbiol 4:9 (2004)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-4-9
Reference
PMID:14551435
  Authors
Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Kobayashi K, Ogasawara N, Yokota A.
  Title
A functional link between RuBisCO-like protein of Bacillus and photosynthetic RuBisCO.
  Journal
Science 302:286-90 (2003)
DOI:10.1126/science.1086997
Reference
PMID:12022921
  Authors
Sekowska A, Danchin A.
  Title
The methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  Journal
BMC Microbiol 2:8 (2002)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-2-8
Reference
PMID:12670965
  Authors
Berger BJ, English S, Chan G, Knodel MH.
  Title
Methionine regeneration and aminotransferases in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus anthracis.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 185:2418-31 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.8.2418-2431.2003
Reference
PMID:17169919
  Authors
Goyer A, Collakova E, Shachar-Hill Y, Hanson AD
  Title
Functional characterization of a methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis and its implication in an alternative to the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway.
  Journal
Plant Cell Physiol 48:232-42 (2007)
DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcl055
Reference
PMID:17030798
  Authors
Rebeille F, Jabrin S, Bligny R, Loizeau K, Gambonnet B, Van Wilder V, Douce R, Ravanel S
  Title
Methionine catabolism in Arabidopsis cells is initiated by a gamma-cleavage process and leads to S-methylcysteine and isoleucine syntheses.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:15687-92 (2006)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0606195103
Reference
PMID:18625006
  Authors
Pirkov I, Norbeck J, Gustafsson L, Albers E
  Title
A complete inventory of all enzymes in the eukaryotic methionine salvage pathway.
  Journal
FEBS J 275:4111-20 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06552.x
Reference
PMID:18391471
  Authors
Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Yokota A
  Title
Enzymatic characterization of 5-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase of the methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  Journal
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:959-67 (2008)
DOI:10.1271/bbb.70651
Reference
PMID:10613873
  Authors
Kitabatake M, So MW, Tumbula DL, Soll D
  Title
Cysteine biosynthesis pathway in the archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri encoded by acquired bacterial genes?
  Journal
J Bacteriol 182:143-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/JB.182.1.143-145.2000
Reference
PMID:12644499
  Authors
Mino K, Ishikawa K
  Title
Characterization of a novel thermostable O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase from Aeropyrum pernix K1.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 185:2277-84 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.7.2277-2284.2003
Reference
PMID:18520135
  Authors
Tanabe S
  Title
Development of assay methods for endogenous inorganic sulfur compounds and sulfurtransferases and evaluation of the physiological functions of bound sulfur.
  Journal
Yakugaku Zasshi 128:881-900 (2008)
DOI:10.1248/yakushi.128.881
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:19270684
  Authors
Gutierrez JA, Crowder T, Rinaldo-Matthis A, Ho MC, Almo SC, Schramm VL
  Title
Transition state analogs of 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase disrupt quorum sensing.
  Journal
Nat Chem Biol 5:251-7 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nchembio.153
Related
pathway
ath00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
ath00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
ath00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
ath00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
ath00430  Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
ath00480  Glutathione metabolism
ath00620  Pyruvate metabolism
ath00640  Propanoate metabolism
ath00770  Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
ath00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
ath00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00270   
LinkDB

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