Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The vast majority of breast cancers are carcinomas that originate from cells lining the milk-forming ducts of the mammary gland. The molecular subtypes of breast cancer, which are based on the presence or absence of hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone subtypes) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), include: hormone receptor positive and HER2 negative (luminal A subtype), hormone receptor positive and HER2 positive (luminal B subtype), hormone receptor negative and HER2 positive (HER2 positive), and hormone receptor negative and HER2 negative (basal-like or triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs)). Hormone receptor positive breast cancers are largely driven by the estrogen/ER pathway. In HER2 positive breast tumours, HER2 activates the PI3K/AKT and the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathways, and stimulate cell growth, survival and differentiation. In patients suffering from TNBC, the deregulation of various signalling pathways (Notch, Wnt/beta-catenin, and EGFR) have been confirmed.
Category
Cancer
Brite
Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]
02 Neoplasms
Malignant neoplasms, except primary neoplasms of lymphoid, haematopoietic, central nervous system or related tissues
Malignant neoplasms, stated or presumed to be primary, of specified sites, except of lymphoid, haematopoietic, central nervous system or related tissues
Malignant neoplasms of breast
2C61 Invasive carcinoma of breast
H00031 Breast cancer
Pathway-based classification of diseases [BR:br08402]
Replication and repair
nt06506 Double-strand break repair
H00031 Breast cancer
nt06508 Interstrand crosslink repair
H00031 Breast cancer
Signal transduction
nt06526 MAPK signaling
H00031 Breast cancer
nt06530 PI3K signaling
H00031 Breast cancer
Tumor markers [br08442.html]
H00031
Cancer-associated carbohydrates [br08441.html]
H00031
Zhao W, Steinfeld JB, Liang F, Chen X, Maranon DG, Jian Ma C, Kwon Y, Rao T, Wang W, Sheng C, Song X, Deng Y, Jimenez-Sainz J, Lu L, Jensen RB, Xiong Y, Kupfer GM, Wiese C, Greene EC, Sung P
Title
BRCA1-BARD1 promotes RAD51-mediated homologous DNA pairing.
Chano T, Ikebuchi K, Tomita Y, Jin Y, Inaji H, Ishitobi M, Teramoto K, Ochi Y, Tameno H, Nishimura I, Minami K, Inoue H, Isono T, Saitoh M, Shimada T, Hisa Y, Okabe H
Title
RB1CC1 together with RB1 and p53 predicts long-term survival in Japanese breast cancer patients.
Hyaluronan Mediated Motility Receptor () Encodes an Evolutionarily Conserved Homeostasis, Mitosis, and Meiosis Regulator Rather than a Hyaluronan Receptor.
Ruark E, Snape K, Humburg P, Loveday C, Bajrami I, Brough R, Rodrigues DN, Renwick A, Seal S, Ramsay E, Duarte Sdel V, Rivas MA, Warren-Perry M, Zachariou A, Campion-Flora A, Hanks S, Murray A, Ansari Pour N, Douglas J, Gregory L, Rimmer A, Walker NM, Yang TP, Adlard JW, Barwell J, Berg J, Brady AF, Brewer C, Brice G, Chapman C, Cook J, Davidson R, Donaldson A, Douglas F, Eccles D, Evans DG, Greenhalgh L, Henderson A, Izatt L, Kumar A, Lalloo F, Miedzybrodzka Z, Morrison PJ, Paterson J, Porteous M, Rogers MT, Shanley S, Walker L, Gore M, Houlston R, Brown MA, Caufield MJ, Deloukas P, McCarthy MI, Todd JA, Turnbull C, Reis-Filho JS, Ashworth A, Antoniou AC, Lord CJ, Donnelly P, Rahman N
Title
Mosaic PPM1D mutations are associated with predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer.
Schwienbacher C, Sabbioni S, Campi M, Veronese A, Bernardi G, Menegatti A, Hatada I, Mukai T, Ohashi H, Barbanti-Brodano G, Croce CM, Negrini M
Title
Transcriptional map of 170-kb region at chromosome 11p15.5: identification and mutational analysis of the BWR1A gene reveals the presence of mutations in tumor samples.
Fanconi anemia (FA), a recessive syndrome with both autosomal and X-linked inheritance, features diverse clinical symptoms, such as progressive bone marrow failures, chromosomal instability and susceptibility to cancer. To date, 13 FA gene products have been identified, which cooperate in a common DNA damage-activated signaling pathway regulating DNA repair (the FA pathway).
Category
Hematologic disease
Brite
Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]
03 Diseases of the blood or blood-forming organs
Anaemias or other erythrocyte disorders
3A70 Aplastic anaemia
H00238 Fanconi anemia
Pathway-based classification of diseases [BR:br08402]
Replication and repair
nt06502 Nucleotide excision repair
H00238 Fanconi anemia
nt06506 Double-strand break repair
H00238 Fanconi anemia
nt06508 Interstrand crosslink repair
H00238 Fanconi anemia
Ameziane N, May P, Haitjema A, van de Vrugt HJ, van Rossum-Fikkert SE, Ristic D, Williams GJ, Balk J, Rockx D, Li H, Rooimans MA, Oostra AB, Velleuer E, Dietrich R, Bleijerveld OB, Maarten Altelaar AF, Meijers-Heijboer H, Joenje H, Glusman G, Roach J, Hood L, Galas D, Wyman C, Balling R, den Dunnen J, de Winter JP, Kanaar R, Gelinas R, Dorsman JC
Title
A novel Fanconi anaemia subtype associated with a dominant-negative mutation in RAD51.
Hira A, Yoshida K, Sato K, Okuno Y, Shiraishi Y, Chiba K, Tanaka H, Miyano S, Shimamoto A, Tahara H, Ito E, Kojima S, Kurumizaka H, Ogawa S, Takata M, Yabe H, Yabe M
Title
Mutations in the gene encoding the E2 conjugating enzyme UBE2T cause Fanconi anemia.