KEGG   PATHWAY: sbq04072
Entry
sbq04072                    Pathway                                
Name
Phospholipase D signaling pathway - Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis (Bolivian squirrel monkey)
Description
Phospholipase D (PLD) is an essential enzyme responsible for the production of the lipid second messenger phosphatidic acid (PA), which is involved in fundamental cellular processes, including membrane trafficking, actin cytoskeleton remodeling, cell proliferation and cell survival. PLD activity can be stimulated by a large number of cell surface receptors and is elaborately regulated by intracellular factors, including protein kinase C isoforms, small GTPases of the ARF, Rho and Ras families and the phosphoinositide, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). The PLD-produced PA activates signaling proteins and acts as a node within the membrane to which signaling proteins translocate. Several signaling proteins, including Raf-1 and mTOR, directly bind PA to mediate translocation or activation, respectively.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
Pathway map
sbq04072  Phospholipase D signaling pathway
sbq04072

Organism
Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis (Bolivian squirrel monkey) [GN:sbq]
Gene
101052478  EGF; pro-epidermal growth factor [KO:K04357]
101034511  PDGFA; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A isoform X6 [KO:K04359]
101043776  PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B isoform X1 [KO:K17386]
101038849  PDGFC; platelet-derived growth factor C isoform X1 [KO:K05450]
101049234  PDGFD; platelet-derived growth factor D isoform X1 [KO:K05450]
101047247  KITLG; kit ligand isoform X1 [KO:K05461]
101038116  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
101047461  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
101040156  PDGFRA; platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04363] [EC:2.7.10.1]
101040158  PDGFRB; platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta [KO:K05089] [EC:2.7.10.1]
101037282  KIT; mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit isoform X4 [KO:K05091] [EC:2.7.10.1]
101028986  INSR; insulin receptor isoform X3 [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
101038666  GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
101040995  GAB1; GRB2-associated-binding protein 1 isoform X4 [KO:K09593]
101046969  GAB2; GRB2-associated-binding protein 2 [KO:K08091]
101038895  SHC1; SHC-transforming protein 1 [KO:K06279]
101047748  SHC-transforming protein 1 [KO:K06279]
101048523  SHC2; SHC-transforming protein 2 [KO:K17447]
101028764  SHC3; SHC-transforming protein 3 [KO:K17448]
101032627  SHC4; SHC-transforming protein 4 [KO:K17449]
101031381  PTPN11; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 [KO:K07293] [EC:3.1.3.48]
101033019  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11-like [KO:K07293] [EC:3.1.3.48]
101036943  SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 [KO:K03099]
101046427  SOS2; son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099]
101047663  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X2 [KO:K02833]
101047035  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
101036877  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
101053335  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
101032806  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
101034979  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
101029174  RALGDS; ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator [KO:K08732]
101045370  RALA; ras-related protein Ral-A [KO:K07834]
101052488  RALB; ras-related protein Ral-B [KO:K07835]
101029768  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101052779  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101027982  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101032496  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
101033359  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
101050592  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
101034861  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101045714  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101040766  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101028002  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
101031475  TSC2; tuberin isoform X5 [KO:K07207]
101047083  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101052068  RHOA; transforming protein RhoA [KO:K04513]
104650592  ras-like GTP-binding protein O-RHO [KO:K04513]
104652261  RHOC; rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC [KO:K04513]
101035296  ARF1; ADP-ribosylation factor 1 [KO:K07937]
101049791  ARF6; ADP-ribosylation factor 6 [KO:K07941]
101046976  PLCG1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101030999  PLCG2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101040997  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: putative V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 7 [KO:K06856]
101054381  putative V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing-like protein IGHV1OR21-1 [KO:K06856]
101033685  uncharacterized protein LOC101033685 [KO:K06856]
101041646  putative V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing-like protein IGHV4OR15-8 [KO:K06856]
101051969  FCER1A; high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha [KO:K08089]
101053567  MS4A2; high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit beta [KO:K08090]
101050914  FCER1G; high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit gamma [KO:K07983]
101051746  FYN; tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn isoform X1 [KO:K05703] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101031617  SYK; tyrosine-protein kinase SYK [KO:K05855] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101046010  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101035480  PLD2; phospholipase D2 isoform X1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
101028583  PLD1; phospholipase D1 isoform X1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
101038256  PLA2G4B; cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta isoform X1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
101054434  PLA2G4A; cytosolic phospholipase A2 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
101036859  PLA2G4F; cytosolic phospholipase A2 zeta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
101037291  PLA2G4D; cytosolic phospholipase A2 delta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
101037621  PLA2G4E; cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
101030180  AGPAT2; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase beta isoform X1 [KO:K13509] [EC:2.3.1.51]
101044607  AGPAT1; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase alpha [KO:K13509] [EC:2.3.1.51]
101031776  AGPAT3; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gamma [KO:K13523] [EC:2.3.1.51 2.3.1.-]
101028960  AGPAT4; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase delta [KO:K13523] [EC:2.3.1.51 2.3.1.-]
101045469  AGPAT5; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase epsilon [KO:K19007] [EC:2.3.1.51]
101029043  SPHK1; sphingosine kinase 1 isoform X3 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
101044895  SPHK2; sphingosine kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
101054052  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101040361  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101036151  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101038546  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101043202  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101035105  PIP5K1C; phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 gamma isoform X1 [KO:K00889] [EC:2.7.1.68]
101044308  PIP5K1B; phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 beta [KO:K00889] [EC:2.7.1.68]
104649929  PIP5K1A; phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 alpha [KO:K00889] [EC:2.7.1.68]
101045285  DGKZ; diacylglycerol kinase zeta isoform X8 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
101044628  DGKE; diacylglycerol kinase epsilon [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
101047917  DGKQ; diacylglycerol kinase theta isoform X1 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
101053273  DGKA; diacylglycerol kinase alpha isoform X2 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
101045829  DGKB; diacylglycerol kinase beta isoform X3 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
101038911  DGKK; diacylglycerol kinase kappa [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
101053945  DGKG; diacylglycerol kinase gamma isoform X8 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
101052377  DGKH; diacylglycerol kinase eta isoform X2 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
101053362  DGKD; diacylglycerol kinase delta isoform X1 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
101047055  DGKI; diacylglycerol kinase iota [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
101048272  PPAP2B; lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase 3 [KO:K01080] [EC:3.1.3.4]
101033570  PPAP2A; lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K01080] [EC:3.1.3.4]
101052893  PPAP2C; lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase 2 [KO:K01080] [EC:3.1.3.4]
101049318  F2; prothrombin [KO:K01313] [EC:3.4.21.5]
101040311  AGT; angiotensinogen [KO:K09821]
101049298  CXCL8; interleukin-8 [KO:K10030]
101037991  AGTR1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
101048036  F2R; proteinase-activated receptor 1 [KO:K03914]
101036619  GRM1; metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04603]
101033315  GRM2; metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04605]
101049103  GRM3; metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 [KO:K04606]
101050705  GRM4; metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04607]
101043023  GRM5; metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 [KO:K04604]
101040561  GRM6; metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 [KO:K04608]
101053518  GRM7; metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04609]
101051755  GRM8; metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 [KO:K04610]
104652145  metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04610]
101051368  AVPR1A; vasopressin V1a receptor [KO:K04226]
101030321  AVPR1B; vasopressin V1b receptor [KO:K04227]
101035137  AVPR2; vasopressin V2 receptor [KO:K04228]
101035023  LPAR1; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 [KO:K04289]
101048307  LPAR2; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 2 isoform X2 [KO:K04291]
101044775  LPAR3; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 [KO:K04294]
101044548  LPAR4; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 4 [KO:K04275]
101037682  LPAR5; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 [KO:K08390]
101038623  LPAR6; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6 [KO:K04273]
101046055  PTGFR; prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor [KO:K04262]
101037560  CXCR1; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 1 [KO:K04175]
101038106  CXCR2; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 [KO:K05050]
101046851  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101047168  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101052271  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101029401  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101042405  GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 [KO:K04346]
101032561  PTK2B; protein-tyrosine kinase 2-beta isoform X2 [KO:K05871] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101034540  GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639]
101028650  PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101031169  PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
101033790  PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K21290]
101042395  CYTH4; cytohesin-4 [KO:K18441]
101043282  CYTH2; cytohesin-2 [KO:K18441]
101029476  CYTH1; cytohesin-1 [KO:K18441]
101042499  CYTH3; cytohesin-3 isoform X1 [KO:K18441]
101043452  GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
104652116  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
101027981  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101043334  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101040601  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101044688  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X2 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101049747  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101037803  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X2 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101032672  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101034552  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101052034  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 isoform X2 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101043933  RAPGEF3; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 [KO:K08014]
101043595  RAPGEF4; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04351]
101038089  DNM1; dynamin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
101038308  DNM3; dynamin-3 isoform X2 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
101039773  DNM2; dynamin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K23484] [EC:3.6.5.5]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00416  Phosphatidate
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00639  Prostaglandin F2alpha
C00681  1-Acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C04637  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C06124  Sphingosine 1-phosphate
Reference
  Authors
Oude Weernink PA, Lopez de Jesus M, Schmidt M
  Title
Phospholipase D signaling: orchestration by PIP2 and small GTPases.
  Journal
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 374:399-411 (2007)
DOI:10.1007/s00210-007-0131-4
Reference
  Authors
Selvy PE, Lavieri RR, Lindsley CW, Brown HA
  Title
Phospholipase D: enzymology, functionality, and chemical modulation.
  Journal
Chem Rev 111:6064-119 (2011)
DOI:10.1021/cr200296t
Reference
  Authors
Brandenburg LO, Pufe T, Koch T
  Title
Role of phospholipase d in g-protein coupled receptor function.
  Journal
Membranes (Basel) 4:302-18 (2014)
DOI:10.3390/membranes4030302
Reference
  Authors
Oude Weernink PA, Han L, Jakobs KH, Schmidt M
  Title
Dynamic phospholipid signaling by G protein-coupled receptors.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1768:888-900 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.09.012
Reference
  Authors
Foster DA, Salloum D, Menon D, Frias MA
  Title
Phospholipase D and the maintenance of phosphatidic acid levels for regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).
  Journal
J Biol Chem 289:22583-8 (2014)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.R114.566091
Reference
  Authors
Jenkins GM, Frohman MA
  Title
Phospholipase D: a lipid centric review.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 62:2305-16 (2005)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-005-5195-z
Reference
  Authors
Metcalfe DD, Peavy RD, Gilfillan AM
  Title
Mechanisms of mast cell signaling in anaphylaxis.
  Journal
J Allergy Clin Immunol 124:639-46; quiz 647-8 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.08.035
Reference
  Authors
Kalesnikoff J, Galli SJ
  Title
New developments in mast cell biology.
  Journal
Nat Immunol 9:1215-23 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/ni.f.216
Reference
  Authors
Cockcroft S, Way G, O'Luanaigh N, Pardo R, Sarri E, Fensome A
  Title
Signalling role for ARF and phospholipase D in mast cell exocytosis stimulated by crosslinking of the high affinity FcepsilonR1 receptor.
  Journal
Mol Immunol 38:1277-82 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0161-5890(02)00075-5
Reference
  Authors
Lee CS, Kim KL, Jang JH, Choi YS, Suh PG, Ryu SH
  Title
The roles of phospholipase D in EGFR signaling.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1791:862-8 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.04.007
Reference
  Authors
Lee CS, Kim IS, Park JB, Lee MN, Lee HY, Suh PG, Ryu SH
  Title
The phox homology domain of phospholipase D activates dynamin GTPase activity and accelerates EGFR endocytosis.
  Journal
Nat Cell Biol 8:477-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/ncb1401
Reference
  Authors
Kam Y, Exton JH
  Title
Role of phospholipase D1 in the regulation of mTOR activity by lysophosphatidic acid.
  Journal
FASEB J 18:311-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1096/fj.03-0731com
Reference
PMID:9310372
  Authors
Kozawa O, Blume-Jensen P, Heldin CH, Ronnstrand L
  Title
Involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase in stem-cell-factor-induced phospholipase D activation and arachidonic acid release.
  Journal
Eur J Biochem 248:149-55 (1997)
DOI:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00149.x
Reference
  Authors
Slaaby R, Du G, Altshuller YM, Frohman MA, Seedorf K
  Title
Insulin-induced phospholipase D1 and phospholipase D2 activity in human embryonic kidney-293 cells mediated by the phospholipase C gamma and protein kinase C alpha signalling cascade.
  Journal
Biochem J 351 Pt 3:613-9 (2000)
DOI:10.1042/bj3510613
Reference
  Authors
Fahimi-Vahid M, Gosau N, Michalek C, Han L, Jakobs KH, Schmidt M, Roberts N, Avkiran M, Wieland T
  Title
Distinct signaling pathways mediate cardiomyocyte phospholipase D stimulation by endothelin-1 and thrombin.
  Journal
J Mol Cell Cardiol 34:441-53 (2002)
DOI:10.1006/jmcc.2002.1525
Reference
  Authors
Freeman EJ
  Title
The Ang II-induced growth of vascular smooth muscle cells involves a phospholipase D-mediated signaling mechanism.
  Journal
Arch Biochem Biophys 374:363-70 (2000)
DOI:10.1006/abbi.1999.1608
Reference
PMID:9119890
  Authors
Naro F, Donchenko V, Minotti S, Zolla L, Molinaro M, Adamo S
  Title
Role of phospholipase C and D signalling pathways in vasopressin-dependent myogenic differentiation.
  Journal
Reference
  Authors
Murdoch C, Finn A
  Title
Chemokine receptors and their role in inflammation and infectious diseases.
  Journal
Blood 95:3032-43 (2000)
Reference
PMID:8135758
  Authors
Sugiyama T, Sakai T, Nozawa Y, Oka N
  Title
Prostaglandin F2 alpha-stimulated phospholipase D activation in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells: involvement in sustained 1,2-diacylglycerol production.
  Journal
Biochem J 298 ( Pt 2):479-84 (1994)
DOI:10.1042/bj2980479
Reference
  Authors
Foster DA
  Title
Regulation of mTOR by phosphatidic acid?
  Journal
Cancer Res 67:1-4 (2007)
DOI:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-3016
Reference
  Authors
Delon C, Manifava M, Wood E, Thompson D, Krugmann S, Pyne S, Ktistakis NT
  Title
Sphingosine kinase 1 is an intracellular effector of phosphatidic acid.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:44763-74 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M405771200
Reference
  Authors
Park JB, Lee CS, Jang JH, Ghim J, Kim YJ, You S, Hwang D, Suh PG, Ryu SH
  Title
Phospholipase signalling networks in cancer.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 12:782-92 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nrc3379
Reference
  Authors
Foster DA
  Title
Phosphatidic acid signaling to mTOR: signals for the survival of human cancer cells.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1791:949-55 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.02.009
Related
pathway
sbq00561  Glycerolipid metabolism
sbq04010  MAPK signaling pathway
sbq04014  Ras signaling pathway
sbq04020  Calcium signaling pathway
sbq04024  cAMP signaling pathway
sbq04071  Sphingolipid signaling pathway
sbq04144  Endocytosis
sbq04150  mTOR signaling pathway
sbq04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
sbq04664  Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04072   
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