Carbohydrates in viral infections Carbohydrates in viral infections| Virus | Viral attachment protein | Potensial glycan receptor | Disease | Reference | |||
| Orthohepadnavirus | HBV [gn:T40004] | Heparan sulfate | Hepatitis B (H00412) | 23161433 | |||
| Deltaretrovirus | HTLV-1 [gn:T40003] | gp46 [vg:1491939] | K19259 | Heparan sulfate | Adult T-cell leukemia （H00009) | 12941902 | |
| Lentivirus | HIV-1 [gn:T40001] | gp120 V3 loop [vg:155971] | K19287 | Heparan sulfate | Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (H00406) | 9557643 | |
| Tat [vg:155871] | K19258 | 19661268 | |||||
| Rotavirus | Rotavirus A [gn:T40092] | DS-1 (P[4]) | VP4 [GenBank: AJ540227] | A-type, H-type I HBGAs Leb (G00263) |
Rotaviral enteritis (H00975) Viral gastroenteritis (H01430) |
28090561 | |
| RV3 P[6] | VP4 [GenBank: ALD49094] | G00110 (GM1) A-type HBGAs Lex G00395 (type I teterasaccharide, LNT) |
26274396 28090561 24501414 | ||||
| Wa (P[8]) | VP4 [vg:7011406] | K19249 | G00110 (GM1) Leb (G00263) H type I HBGAs |
22345472 | |||
| K8 (P[9]) | VP4 [Uniprot:Q01641] | A-type HBGAs | 25556995 28090561 | ||||
| HAL1166 (P[14]) | VP4 [GenBank: AAA21092] | A-type HBGAs | 22504179 | ||||
| N155 (P[11]) | VP4 [GenBank:ABY64684] | G00536 (type II tetrasaccharide, LNnT) G00395 (type I teterasaccharide, LNT) |
28090561 | ||||
| Rotavirus C [gn:T40094] | VP4 [vg:3773132] | A-type HBGAs | 29593033 | ||||
| Alphavirus | Sindbis virus | E2 [vg:1502155] [vg:13165406] | K19288 | Heparan sulfate | Sindbis fever | 20300181 | |
| Orthoreovirus | MRV-3 | Sigma 1 [vg:8437025] | K19250 | α-2,3-, α-2,6- and α-2,8-linked sialylated oligosaccharides | 25263223 | ||
| Orthohepevirus | HEV [gn:T40067] | Capsid protein [vg:1494410] | Heparan sulfate (6-O sulfation of syndecans) | Hepatitis E | 19812150 | ||
| Flavivirus | DENV [gn:T40048] | DENV-1 | E [vg:5075725] | Heparan sulfate | Dengue (H00381) | 11050058 | |
| DENV-2 | E [vg:1494449] | 11878919 22170634 | |||||
| JEV [gn:T40052] | E [vg:1489713] | Mosquito-borne viral encephalitis (H00379) | 14981764 | ||||
| TBEV [gn:T40061] | E [vg:1489719] | Tick-borne viral encephalitis (H00380) | 28471403 | ||||
| WNV [gn:T40029] | E [vg:912267] | West Nile fever (H01548) | 28471403 | ||||
| YFV [gn:T40057] | E [vg:1502173] | Yellow fever (H00384) | 11878919 | ||||
| ZIKV [gn:T40049] | E [vg:34443389] | Zika fever (H01553) | 28151637 | ||||
| Hepacivirus | HCV [gn:T40066] | E2 [ag:NP_751921] | K22272 | Heparan sulfate | Hepatitis C virus infection (H00413) | 12867431 22660965 | |
| Alphacoronavirus | HCoV-NL63 [gn:T40365] | Heparan sulfate | Common cold (H02442) | 25187545 | |||
| Betacoronavirus | HCoV-OC43 [gn:T40362] | S [vg:39105218] | K24325 | 9-O-acetylated sialic acid | Common cold (H02442) | 30679277 | |
| HCoV-HKU1 [gn:T40363] | S [vg:3200426] | ||||||
| MERS-CoV [gn:T40090] | S [vg:14254594] | K24324 | Neu5,9Ac2 (α2,3Gal linkage) | Middle East respiratory syndrome (H01419) | 28923942 | ||
| Norovirus | NV [gn:T40107] | Norovirus GI | VP1 [vg:1491972] | A-, H-type HBGAs Leb, Ley antigens |
Enteritis due to Norovirus (H01323) | 18599458 | |
| Norovirus GII.4 | VP1 [vg:39105315] | A-, B-, H-type HBGAs Le-b antigens |
12825167 | ||||
| Norovirus GII.5 | VP1 [Genbank:AAK84404] | A-type 1, B-type 1 ALeb, BLeb antigens |
|||||
| Norovirus GII.9 | VP1 [Genbank:AAK84676] | H, Le-a, Le-x and Le-y antigens | |||||
| Enterovirus | Enterovirus A [gn:T40103] | Coxsackievirus A16 [gn:T40331] | VP1 [vg:1461111] | Heparan sulfate | Enterovirus infection (H01326) Hand, foot and mouth disease (H01326) |
28745308 | |
| Enterovirus A71 [gn:T40343] | 27875780 23097443 | ||||||
| Enterovirus C [gn:T40105] | Coxsackievirus A24 variant | VP1 | Sialylated O-linked glycans (Neu5Acα2,3Gal and Neu5Acα2,6Gal) | Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (H01421)Respiratory diseases | 25329320 21880775 | ||
| Enterovirus D [gn:T40106] | Enterovirus D68 | VP1 [vg:37616478] | α-2-6-linked sialic acids | Respiratory diseases | 24371050 | ||
| Enterovirus 70 [gn:T40334] | VP1 [vg:1461118] | α-2-3-linked sialic acids | Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (H01421) | 15890948 | |||
| Morbillivirus | MeV [gn:T40033] | HE [vg:1489801] | K19378 | N-linked oligosaccharide in SCR2 of CD46 | Measles (H00394) | 8764003 | |
| Rubulavirus | Mumps rubulavirus [gn:T40034] | HN [vg:1489765] | K19247 | α-2,3-linked sialoglycans | Mumps (H00396) | 31118251 | |
| Respirovirus | HPIV1 [gn:T40043] | HN [vg:935266] | K19247 | neolacto-series gangliosides containing a terminal NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc | Parainfluenza infection (H00400) | 11312330 | |
| HPIV3 [gn:T40044] | HN [vg:911961] | K19247 | gangliosides with a terminal NeuAcα2-3Gal-, NeuAcα2-6Gal- or NeuGcα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc | 11312330 | |||
| Heparan sulfate | |||||||
| Metapneumovirus | HMPV [gn:T40095] | F [vg:37626966] | K19261 | Heparan sulfate | Human metapneumovirus infection (H01063) | 22238303 | |
| Orthopneumovirus | RSV [gn:T40045] | Iduronic acid-containing glycosaminoglycans | Respiratory syncytial virus infection (H00401) | 10860881 | |||
| Alphainfluenzavirus | IAV (human) | H1N1 | H1 [vg:23308115] | K19251 | α2,6-linked sialylated glycans | Influenza (H00398) | 25263223 |
| H2N2 | H2 [vg:3655103] | ||||||
| H3N2 | H3 [vg:3655151] | ||||||
| Gammainfluenzavirus | ICV | HEF [vg:3077359] | K19253 | 9-O-Ac-NeuAc | Influenza (H00398) | 9817207 3700379 | |
| Deltavirus | HDV [gn:T40085] | hepatocyte-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans | Hepatitis D (H00414) | 23505490 | |||
| Simplexvirus | HSV-1 [gn:T40073] | gB [vg:24271469] | K19255 | Heparan sulfate | Herpes simplex virus infection (H00365) | 15056211 | |
| gC [vg:2703410] | K19256 | ||||||
| gD [vg:2703406] | K19264 | 3-O-sulfated Heparan sulfate | 20004926 | ||||
| HSV-2 [gn:T40074] | gB [vg:1487312] | K19255 | Heparan sulfate | Herpes simplex virus infection (H00365) | 15056211 | ||
| gC [vg:1487331] | K19256 | ||||||
| Varicellovirus | VZV [gn:T40078] | gB [vg:1487662] | K19255 | Heparan sulfate | Varicella (H00366) | 7724595 9620211 | |
| Cytomegalovirus | HCMV [gn:T40080] | gB [vg:3077424] | K22773 | Heparin | Cytomegalovirus infection (H00368) | 22440964 9426459 | |
| gC-II | K19263 | 8381465 8384757 1310777 | |||||
| Orthopoxvirus | Vaccinia virus [gn:T40360] | A27L [vg:3707680] | K19263 | Heparan sulfate | Vaccinia (H02352) | 9445060 | |
| D8L [vg:3707569] | Chondroitin sulfate | 10482629 | |||||
| Mastadenovirus | Human mastadenovirus D [gn:T40102] | Ad37 | Fiber Knob [uniprot:Q64823] | GD1a (G00111) | Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (H01421) | 21151139 | |
| Alphapolyomavirus | MCPyV [gn:T40051] | VP1 [vg:10987416] | K19248 | Oligosaccharide containing a linear Neu5Acα2,3Gal | Merkel cell carcinoma (H01555) | 22910713 19605473 | |
| Betapolyomavirus | SV40 [gn:T40086] | VP1 [vg:29031018] | K19248 | G00110 (GM1) | Malignant pleural mesothelioma (H00015) | 18353982 | |
| JCPyV [gn:T40072] | VP1 [vg:1489518] | G11147 (LSTc) | Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (H00370) | 20951965 | |||
| BKPyV | VP1 [vg:29031008] | G00114 (GD2) G00116 (GT1b) G00115 (GD1b) G00113 (GD3) |
Hemorrhagic cystitis Polyomavirus nephropathy |
24130487 | |||
| LPyV | VP1 [vg:1494437] | K19248 | Linear trisaccharides terminating Neu5Acα2,3Galβ1,4Glc(NAc) | 24204265 | |||
| Erythroparvovirus | B19V [gn:T40084] | VLP | G00094 (Gb4Cer) | Erythema infectiosum (H00404) | 24889255 | ||
| Alphapapillomavirus | HPV 11 | L1 | Heparan sulfate | Condyloma acuminatum (H01418) | 10026203 | ||
| HPV 16 [gn:T40087] | L1 [vg:1489082] | K19260 | Vulvar cancer (H00029) Cervical cancer (H00030) |
17640876 21115492 | |||